Here's my cheap version of this for an experiment.
My big set of shooting muffs is a pair of Silencio Magnum Deluxes. WHen I bought them they were the most powerful(not quite word I want, but ok) noise reduction local gunshop had. 29db if I remember right. So anyways, was on way to walmart to buy a set of earbud headphones to wear inside of these until I remembered that I had a second set of headphones at home. THese are the kind that are normal inexpensive headphone size(outside of ear type) but instead of a plastic band going over your head, each ear piece has a plastic loop that goes over the ear.
I plugged these into my headphone, and put them over my ears, adn tried to put muffs on then. No go, muffs weren't fitting over these headphones. SO I took off headphones and muffs again and experimented ab it. I discovered that while they won't fit over the headphones while they're on your ears normally, that you can take the headphones and insert them into the muffs before you put them on, and the muffs hold them securely in there.
Put the muffs on with headphones already inserted. Kicked on grinder, and while I do'nt have test equipment to prove it, it seemed that the sound of the grinder was even quiter than it normally is with the muffs alone(as if the headphones in there gave more sound insulation). It was also very easy to hear the radio or tape over what sound gets through the muffs.
SO there's my experience on this.