For throwing you want it quite tough, but still hard enough so that it doesn't get too badlt indented when it hits something hard, 45-55 RC is a decent range to consider. At the lower edge it will resist fracture almost completely but will tend to indent excessively on a hard contact. At the high end it will start to fracture but will resist indendation very strongly. Some experimentation is necessary to see where the right balance lies, it depends on the steel and the method of heat treatment. If is a more utility type axe, then get it much harder, 55-60 RC. The only reason that you would want to conserve on hardness here is for cold weather cutting, and/or thick bone chopping.
-Cliff