1095 Tempering

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Jul 26, 2008
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Hello. I have four blades of 1/8" 1095 that I started tempering. I set my oven (with thermometer) to 375 F and put the blades in for two hours, let them cool completely, then put them in for another two hours. They are still quite hard that a file will skate across the edges. Should I put them back in for another cycle? Or should I be using different times/temps? Would I be able to use the same procedure with O1 with good results? How much difference would it make? Thanks for all you're help.
 
I do 400 three times, 1 hour each, 30 min cool in between (on the rare occasion I HT my own). 1095 and O-1 should be about the same cycling. 400 (saying you hardened it fully) should give you about a 59-60. File will still skate on the surface as you have a layer of (don't yell at me if I'm off) martensite.
 
375F might be on the hard side. You really have to experiment and test with your equipment and techniques to know for sure. I've seen a variety of temps for 1095 used by different makers on this site alone - I think I read as high as 415 deg once. You can always ask whoever sold you the steel. For example, Admiral Steel says 400F will get you down to 62RC: http://www.admiralsteel.com/reference/heattrt.html, but they don't tell you how long to temper. I've read lots of different times also. I've even heard of guys throwing it in the freezer overnight to encourage similar effects as a cryo treatment.

I think there is fairly wide range of times/temps that will work, but it's a long, steep curve to figure out what is optimal for the specific kind of knife you made and it's intended uses. Hopefully you'll get some more folks to chime in.
 
I do 400 also, for 2, two hour cycles. I have a friend who took a couple 1/8th, 1095H blades and tested them for me while he was a work, both tested at 58-59 RC. I use one of the small toaster ovens for tempering, I checked the temp on it and found it is actually 411 degrees when set at 400, so at least with mine temps are not spot on with the dial settings.
 
When I worked in 1095, I tempered at 450°, and still had a few complaints on them being a bit hard to sharpen. I have found that quite a few customers want a blade they can re-sharpen in a few minutes, rather than have to make a project of the task. Hard is not always the best, and edge holding is not always dependant on it, in my experience. This is an area where opinions vary greatly among makers, and customers.
 
When I worked in 1095, I tempered at 450°, and still had a few complaints on them being a bit hard to sharpen. I have found that quite a few customers want a blade they can re-sharpen in a few minutes, rather than have to make a project of the task. Hard is not always the best, and edge holding is not always dependant on it, in my experience. This is an area where opinions vary greatly among makers, and customers.


You know what, my response here has actually nothing to do with the thread topic. But I had to say this in response to your comment. I think it's funny how customers, and even a great number of makers, want a knife that cuts all day, and then when it goes DULL, they want to sharpen it in 11 strokes! And then go back and cut all day the next day.
Ain't gonna happen.
Rockwell testing and "hardness" is only one aspect of knife making. And I'll leave that for another war.
But, when I have a customer that I see is an actual user of knives and has some sense, I train them to only use the knife until the point that they no longer FEAR it! Then, don't go any farther. Just make a couple of controlled strokes across a fine stone, whatever their choice may be, and go back to work. But once you get that knife dull, no matter if it's hard or poorly done, you now hvae a great task of re-shaping the cutting edge.
What I tell all of my customers, and some don't like to hear it is this:
"Want to know how do you keep a knife sharp?
Don't let it get dull."
At that point which you are no longer afraid of your knife, it's dull. Re-sharpen it.
 
I definitely agree with you on that, it's much easier to keep a sharp knife than to sharpen a dull one.
 
Hey Randy

We're visiting grandkids for a few days but if you bring it by about middle of next week, we'll be glad to rockwell test it for you.

Rob!
 
Thanks guys! And thank you Rob! I stuck the blades in for another hour and they are still hard that a file will just barely "bite" into them, but they are nice and springy and tough. I think they'll be good now. I'll bring some by to get tested when I get some time away from work. Thank's again. Randy.
 
O.K. This might be a dumb question, but does the color have anything to do with determining how hard or soft it is after the cycle? Dark purple, straw yellow? I'm not sure if I asked this in a clear manner.

thanks
steve
 
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