A Tale of Search and Rescue... And the importance of a good knife for survival

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Aug 25, 2013
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Hey all, I have an important experience to share with you all while it's still fresh in my mind. It's not going to be very short, but I believe it is very important information and an excellent example of basic survival principles.

Some background first: I am 18 years old, backpacker and camper since I was a wee one, and am currently a volunteer for my county's junior Search and Rescue team. We were requested on Monday evening of this week to respond to a pair of stranded hikers on the pacific crest trail near Mt. Adams in Washington State on Tuesday morning at 0800. We woke up at 0300, met up at 0400, and made the 4 hour drive down. We got on scene at the trailhead at about 0800. We were told by the sheriff that they were stuck about 2 miles from our position, in 6"-1' of snow. Our subjects were thru hikers of the PCT (pacific crest trail) and had come all the way from the border of mexico up throughout the year. Another search within 30 miles was already underway, and our mission seemed simple and straightforward, so we didn't recieve any base or logistics support (no antennae to boost radio signals, no good topo maps of the area, no backup teams, etc., but we did have good GPS units and good compasses) the seven of us started up the mountain at 0830 at 3200' elevation, with no snow on the ground.

We make it 2 miles... then 4.. then 6. At this point, its 1200 hours and there is about 5 inches of snow at 4500 ft. Our subjects were at 6,000 ft. At this time we decided to split into two groups, a fast and slow team, so that we could reach the subjects faster and help stabilize their condition by the time the second group arrived. Both groups had a radio, gps, shelter, food, water, medical supplies, etc. I was part of the three person group who pushed ahead. As the elevation climbed, the snow started piling up faster and faster. 1 foot, 2 feet, 3 feet. We had made it about 7 miles, at 5000 feet by 1330. We continued on, and the snow level kept rising until finally, it was just below our waists. at this point, we were at 5700' elevation, and about a half mile in a straight line from our subjects, but the past mile had taken about an hour and a half due to the snow. At 1530 hours, we had to make the decision to turn around despite being so close to the subjects, as we would then become part of the problem, and unable to help rescue the subjects. We got a message down to base that we were heading down and started our descent. after a mile of hiking we ran into the second team, who were in poor condition.

One of the members had broken his leg in the spring, and had fallen and landed on it badly on the hike up, and re-injured it. Both of our radios were dead, and we had very limited cell coverage the entire day. We discussed our options until about 1700 hours, and finally made the decision to send two members from the fast team down to base to tell them the situation, while the other 5 of us made camp for the night. The two guys left, we set up our shelter ( we use tarps for shelter, as they are also used to do hypothermia wraps for subjects). We managed to get a text down to base sent notifying them of our status, our coordinates, and a request for a helicopter. We never got a reply, but about an hour later, we started to hear the chop of rotors. We had marked out the best area for them with our bright orange ANSI vests, and they saw us. They dropped the basket and an airman who told us he only had room for our injured and our subjects for now. He hoisted our injured, dropped us a radio on coast guard Frequency and left. Of the group spending the night, I had the most survival experience (the others were 16, 16, and 17 years old.) So I took charge of things. While they set up a communal shelter set up, I used a Becker BK9 to chop down, and split a 7" pine that had been dead for quite a while. It was bone dry on the inside. I had one member make fuzz sticks with my strider SNG while I was preparing the firewood. We were almost ready to start the fire, which I was very confident would light, when we heard chatter on the radio. The coast guard chopper was headed back and had room for all of us, if we kept our pack weight down. At this point it was pitch dark, so they came in with their spotlight on, dropped the basket, and hoisted us all up. We were brought to portland international airport, where we met up with the two who had hiked down to base about 2 hours later, everyone safe and sound.

The moral of this story is always, always, always expect and prepare for the unexpected. We were under the expectation that it would be a short hike with minimal snow when we left base, so I left my ESEE Junglas and folding Sawvivor saw in the truck. (the beck was my friend's, one of the two who headed back down to base that night.) If I had brought those two tools, I could have MUCH more quickly and easily gotten the materials for fire, and had someone else working a second tree for firewood through the night... If my friend wouldn't have brought his Becker, we wouldn't have had fire for the night, and would have to rely on small backpacking stoves and sleeping bags for heat, in three feet of snow. We were very lucky that conditions didn't get even worse, and that we could be pulled out that night, and I feel so blessed to be home safe and sound.

If you have any questions or need any clarification, let me know.
Here are some pictures from the search:
I am the one with trekking poles and a green hat.
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I applaud your effort however at the same time I can't help but wonder how much your situation would have been improved if you had even one more experienced member with you. Not that you didn't do the best job you could and not that you personally didnt take the lead and make the best of a bad situation, but with a group of people who are between 16 to 18 years old I just have to wonder if you guys heading up into THAT situation was a good idea.

I'm greatfull your all ok and it turned out ok and I'm not trying to be hard on you but sometimes the best course of action is to leave it to the people better/more capable than yourselves. One question-had any of you ever even been to that area before?

Beautiful area there, I love the snow.
 
Thanks for the reply. The fast group (my younger brother, my friend, and myself) all have very good backpacking experience, survival experience, and are in very good shape. We could have spent the night out there two or three days, possibly more if we had to. We also gauged our energy levels and time of day well, and would have made it back to base before dark at about 1830. The slower members probably shouldn't have gone, but that wasn't my choice to make. In our debrief tomorrow night, I'm going to bring this up with our unit supervisor. Another thing I failed to mention was that after about 1' accumulation of snow, we marked our path with red flagging tape, and by knocking snow off of small trees all the way up to our turnaround point, so we could easily find our way back down. In addition, as a whole, we could have made it probably 2 nights without aid, but our injured man was either going to need to be air lifted, or littered out, and a litter would have taken 12+ hours to haul him down in.
 
very interesting and a great reminder to bring more than you think you will need when going into the wild - Murphy lives there!
 
Indeed. Ny the way, when the subjects were pulled, they only had mild hypothermia. They are now in good health.
 
IMO the operation was a bad idea. The only thing the group had enough of was balls. If your relying on your knife to save your life you have already made mistakes.

If any of that party was injured how would you get them out of you could hardly make it as a group yourselves?
 
We had enough fuel for our stoves to last multiple days, sub zero sleeping bags, dry fleece clothes. If he had not injured himself, we could have easily walked out. Once again, I was not in charge. If I was, certain members would NOT have come up. I didn't need a fire to make the night, but it would have made it more comfortable. We had enough supplies to spend the night 2 or 3 nights.
 
In addition, I know for a fact that the three of us shown in the pictures were bone dry the entire day, and warm. We all have gore tex pro shell, other than my brothers pants, which is a tight cotton weave impregnated with oil, finished with wax. He was completely dry as well.
 
Good job! You did a lot more in this situation than most young men your age. If anyone has any criticism, I'd like to see them follow you guys up the mountain. Most wouldn't make it, and of the ones that did, most wouldn't be in any shape to help once they arrived. You are gaining valuable life experience, and your honest self evaluation will make your experiences even more valuable.
 
Thank you very much! We did the best that we could, and it was a great experience for us. I'm just so happy that our subjects made it out in good health!
 
I'm glad everyone got out OK.

There were a number of failures in the preparation for and the execution of the mission that ultimately lead to its failure. Some of them can and should be kicked up the chain of command to whoever sent you out there. Inadequate details on the weather and snow conditions, inadequate communications gear (no excuse for S&R being out of contact), inadequate snow gear (snow shoes, sleds etc could have made a difference), roster mistakes, and an unrealistic time frame for the mission.

The main objective was to get to the subjects in time to effect a rescue. That did not happen. Moving forwards it is good to reflect on your actions dealing with your own situation. This you have done with regards to knives and stuff for keeping yourselves warm and dry.

It might also be good to reflect on how things could have been done differently to accomplish the objective. How to overcome the inadequacies mentioned earlier. I guess you could even consider it a partial win as we tend to learn as much from our failures as our successes. Also no harm came to the rescue crew or the subjects so it was not a costly lesson.

Interesting food for thought. Thank you for sharing. :thumbup:
 
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Thank you. Hopefully it will help someone else learn through our mistakes, and our successes. One of the most important things we did well was work together as one team with one goal. We were all on the same page the entire time, and all trying to support each other. No dissent, None of us were angry at the others for over stepping their limits. We accepted the situation for what it was, and adapted to it.

Also, update on Clint's leg (our injured searcher)... He just got an X-ray yesterday, and sure enough he broke it again in the exact same place he had broken it before.
 
Another thought-If we weren't able to get a helo because of conditions, etc, we would have had to walk our guy out with a broken leg 8 or so miles. One thing that I was thinking about was building a makeshift sled with wood, the becker, and paracord... Another great reason to carry a large fixed blade in the field.
 
Another thought-If we weren't able to get a helo because of conditions, etc, we would have had to walk our guy out with a broken leg 8 or so miles. One thing that I was thinking about was building a makeshift sled with wood, the becker, and paracord... Another great reason to carry a large fixed blade in the field.

A good friend of mine was caught in an avalanche while backcountry skiing last year. Short story is that her leg was broken pretty badly and they were a long way from a road. There wasn't a 'copter available, so they ended up fashioning a sled out of a pair of skis, a backpack, and extra clothing for padding. It took about 10 hrs. to get her to back to the road. A very tough experience for all involved.

I don't go into the backcountry thinking every time, "what if I needed to build a sled/pulk for an evac?" but it's a good thing to think through and experiment with (and know the limitations of, based on terrain, etc), because it isn't that remote of a possibility that someone could be incapacitated and help not forthcoming. In some situations it may be better to hunker and wait until help can arrive, as long as the victim (and everyone else) can be kept warm, hydrated and safe, but that isn't always an option.
 
. In some situations it may be better to hunker and wait until help can arrive, as long as the victim (and everyone else) can be kept warm, hydrated and safe, but that isn't always an option.

Agreed. My biggest concern was if it dumped another foot or more of snow... Then it would have been 4-1/2 to 5' of snow, which would have been VERY difficult for even the fittest among us to get through. As far as going into the backcountry thinking about worst possible scenarios... I've had this internal debate many a time. I realllly like to keep my pack weight down, especially when backpacking. But I also know through experience how much can be done with a good knife and saw or hatchet and saw in the backcountry. After this experience though, I am never going to leave behind my saw, and either bring my ESEE 6 or Junglas along with on searches. Backpacking, I'll probably stick to my saw and Izula though. But this experience definitely hit home about knives in the woods for me. I mean I usually do carry my saw and ESEE 6 with me.. But I left them in the car this time because it was only supposed to be 2 miles...
 
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