Alone and frightened on top of a cold mountain

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How does a person who may even be a seasoned climber survive on a mountain after having lost his way.

I am asking this question because 48 hours ago a young girl from Britain was found dead on a mountain in my country.

She was reported to be a climber who was no stranger to mountains.
I am puzzled by the nature of her death.

Can a relatively seasoned climber fall prey to the elements up in those unexpectedly cold surroundings?

What does a person has to do to survive under such conditions? What are some of the "must-do" factors to ensure survival?
 
Wihout knowing the situation in more detail, it's difficult to say in this particular case, but in general, preparation and a will to survive seem to be the key in most survival situations.

In my mind, preparation takes the form of knowledge (such as rule of 3's and having practiced many of the skills commonly discussed here) and equipment (I prefer to bring the proper equipment needed, and a small kit which would help with any eventuality). People don't generally INTEND to get into tough situations, but being prepared can make a potentially dangerous situation into a minor inconvenience.

One of the most common examples I see around here (the mountains in California) is watching a group head out onto a 4 or 6 hour loop trail only a few hours before sunset. They wear shorts and carry only a small bottle of water (or sometimes no water). Basically, there's no way they can make it back before it starts getting much cooler, and if they lose their way, they could end up spending a very uncomfortable night probably a few feet from a trail they can't see.

Ok, I feel like I'm rambling, but that's my $.02
 
Hypothermia can cause serious disorientation, even in the most experienced outdoorsman. In many cases, getting wet is the crucial factor, causing the onset of hypothermia in temperatures well above freezing.
 
Here are some more details on this tragic story:

Missing teenager found dead on mountain
John Aglionby and Jamie Wilson
Guardian

Thursday August 23, 2001


After an agonising six-day wait, the parents of Ellie James, the teenager missing on the inhospitable slopes of south-east Asia's highest mountain, Mount Kinabalu, had their worst fears realised yesterday when her body was found by a park ranger.

On Tuesday the couple's hopes were raised when a search party discovered recent footprints, banana skins, a makeshift shelter and a plastic bag tied round a tree branch - signs that their 17-year-old daughter might still be alive.

But yesterday morning, as Bruce, 54, and Claire, 49, pre pared to give a press conference criticising the search operation by the Malaysian authorities, officials broke the news they had been dreading.

Ellie was found lying face down in a steep-sided gully more than 3,600 metres up the 4,101 metre (13,455ft) mountain in Sabah state, on the northern tip of Borneo island.

It was only about 500 metres from where rescuers found her brother, Henry, 15, a few hours after their parents raised the alarm after realising the two children were not ahead of them when they reached the bottom of the mountain last Thursday morning.

Yesterday the family paid tribute to their "brave, intelli gent and beautiful" daughter. "Ellie was a remarkable girl. She lived her life to the full and achieved more in her 17 years than most people do in 75," they said in a statement.

The local police chief, Assistant Superintendent Zul Baharin Ismail, described it as a very unfortunate and tragic accident. "We were racing against time and were badly hampered by bad weather."

Ellie is only the fourth person in 30 years to have died on a mountain that tens of thousands of people conquer every year. Locals, however, revere the peak and call it "the abode of the dead".

Guides have described the conditions on Mt Kinabalu as among the worst in a decade. The mountain was shrouded in mist and battered by strong winds and rain for much of the time Ellie was missing, with the temperature often dropping below freezing at high altitude.

Hours before Ellie's body was found her brother had been describing to police their last terrifying moments together. The pair had become separated from a party of 15 trekkers while climbing the mountain as a climax to a 14-day adventure holiday. They had reached the summit ahead of their parents and passed them on the descent, but disaster struck when they lost the guide rope they had been using to navigate down.

The pair spent four hours huddled together, wrapping themselves in vegetation to try to escape the fierce cold before Ellie decided they should press on. But with visibility down to about three metres Henry lost sight of his sister as she walked ahead of him.

Scared and alone and unable to call her back because his voice was lost in the wind he decided to turn back. Rescuers found him that evening "blue-lipped with hypothermia" and carried him down to base camp.

Supt Ismail said it was too early to determine the cause or time of Ellie's death. "The body is still being carried down the mountain and there will have to be a postmortem," he said. However, there did not appear to be any noticeable injuries, suggesting that Ellie might have died of exposure rather than a fall.

The body was expected to be brought off the mountain late last night but the weather was deteriorating and Supt Ismail said the rangers might wait overnight at a hut to complete the descent in daylight.

The footprints and shelter that made rescuers believe Ellie might still have been alive were discovered thousands of feet lower down the mountain from St John's Peak, where her body was found.

It is not clear whether Ellie first went down the mountain and then tried to retrace her steps to where she had left Henry, or if someone else made the shelter.

"We were lucky," Supt Ismail said. "We went back today around that area because the weather had cleared and spotted the body."

Supt Ismail denied accusations that the search mission had been poorly managed or too small. "There were at least 70 experienced climbers looking for her by yesterday, including people flown in from Kuala Lumpur. We were doing everything we could."

But Kirsty Melhuish, 21, a medical student who had passed Henry on her way down after abandoning her own climb because she and a friend could not see or hear or feel their fingers in the intense cold, criticised the guiding system. She said guides were inexperienced and ill equipped, and would leave clients for long periods during the climb.

"I was really scared. Visibility was about three metres and it's very steep. You were literally hanging off the guide rope because the wind was so strong," she said.

Travelbag Adventures, the company which organised the trip, announced an investigation into why the teenager went missing.

Eighteen British soldiers disappeared for more than four weeks in the treacherous Low's Gully in 1994. They all made it out alive and their ordeal was made into a film.
 
I've heard reports that several hikers a year are found dead on mountains or mountainous trails here in the USA.
Just dead, no readily apparent reason.
No marks on the body, no outward signs of trauma.

In many instances lightning was suspected to be the culprit. It might have struck the mountain and they got a secondary shock from it. That shock de-stabilized their hearts and with no de-fibrillator(sp?) they died right there.

If hypothermia wasn't the cause of this unfortunate young ladie's untimely demise, maybe the ol' bolt from the blue tagged something near her.

A very sad case at any rate.:(
 
:(
I remember reading about that article in the newspapers here in Singapore...

well I'm a firm believer in my equipment and skill, but when you're trkking in those areas... you get to hear the stories the locals tell...

I have had unexplainable things happen to me and even worse happen to friends... let's just say that there's more to the outdoors than just animals. trees and the weather.

there are areas where compasss don't work... suddenly finding shrines on a mountainside in the middle of a forest (there were no paths around coz we went off the paths ourselves and we getting by on dead reckoning)... and a whole host of even weirder ****.

I know quite a few people who have had jungle training in Brunei... hooboy, the tales they can tell...

Golok, you live in Malaysia, you should ask your friends who trek in the region about the stories they hear.

In this part of the world, when we talk about trekking in the jungle, the word "respect" always comes up and we don't always refer to an ecological bent.
 
I'm no mountaineer, to be sure, but after climbing some very modest hills in the Antarctic and the Arctic [and I stress again that I ain't no climber] I can see how easy it is to get killed if you get stranded by weather. Ditto for kayaking or canoeing in remote areas offshore. You have to be meticulous in your safety precautions, and even then when a mountain or a sea wants to kill you, nature will win. I don't know about this specific case, but you can never be 100% secure. Maybe that's part of the challenge.
 
Yes Qew71, there are incredible stories from seasoned trekkers which ordinary people will find hard to swallow.

There are stories of trekkers walking in circles for days despite their best efforts. Strange glows in the jungle.

Superstitutions among the aborigine guides. They believe in many strange happenings.

Westerners tend to take these all in with a bucketful of salt but the locals usually laugh rather nervously. They know better.

The jungle may be neutral but not always so...
 
It seems that all to many folks embark on hard core wilderness adventures the same way they would the jungle boat ride at Disney Land.
 
I don't know this situation, but there are many people who do "mountaineering" who are excellent "technicians" at climbing, skiing, mountain biking etc. who's hobbies and nice gear propel them into the REAL world which they are not prepared for because they haven't the slightest clue about survival priorities nor have they practiced any survival skills.

I lived in Colorado for decades and knew many climbers who were excellent atheletes, amazing climbers and had the best gear made. They were not people who had the mind-set/skill-set for survival when the conditions changed and their goals downgraded from "peak bagging" to surviving and helping the SAR people to find them. Most carried no excess weight, gear or signalling devices. Shelter was clothing on thier backs and nothing more. Most relied on their athletic abilities to get in and out quickly from their vehicles and back to the hot tubs (climber chicks are fiiine!). Many were technical climbers ONLY and didn't really spend as much as a few three day weekends back packing, let alone 'survival camping'. This is a shame.

I also saw a program which had an "experienced search & rescue" guy who went out for a day trip on XC-skiis. He got caught in a heavy snow fall, tried to ski back to his car. Was so slow that he was skiiing in a snow storm after dark, no GPS, no map & compass - ALL NIGHT LONG he skiied, back and forth, up and down the mountian well into the next morning. Back & forth, trying to find the parked car. Bad move & getting worse, because he's now so exhausted that in addition to no survival gear, his body has now used up all available energy reserves skiing and flailing in the snow which would have been better to use to keep him warm and thinking.

In the long run he ended up wandering in the woods in winter in the snow for days. He never established a shelter (first priority), rather, when he fell exhausted into the snow he believed the lie about space blankets that they 'reflect 86% of body heat back at you'. They don't. They're great windbreaks, fair tarps and I use them to make lean to's and "A" frames, but wrapping in one when you're already wet, exhausted and don't have a heat source is like ringing the dinner bell for the grim reaper!

This "seasoned Search & Rescue" guy did not stay in one place and lay-out signals once he knew that he was lost, did NOT mark his direction of travel while moving to help rescuers find him, didn't even try to start a fire until two days had passed. When he did try to start a fire - moer two days later he discovered that his SINGLE SOURCE OF FIRE >>>matches<<< did not work because they had deteriorated from being stored too long. (Carry at LEAST THREE sources of fire (matches are a waste of space) and tinder, vasalined cotton balls in an altoids tin is excellent bad weather tinder.

When they finally found him, he was at deaths' door. He lost several fingers and toes and would certainly have died soon had there been one more night without help.

Had he built a shelter, gathered insulation, used a BIc lighter, ferrocerrium rod "sparking rod" from his mini-kit (didn't have one), he would have been able to warm-up, melt snow for water make hot boullion from the cubes in his mini-kit and ready to put out ground signals at first light.

The scary part, he's back at work with Search & Rescue. I'm glad that he is alive, but it seems that some sort of minimal qualifications to be on SAR are in order - yes?

>RadioRay ..._ ._
 
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