wuz just reading an old novel (or was it in a movie?) about a duellist, one guy says (paraphrased)
hello jim, heard you was dead.
tother says:
hell, no, he stabbed me through the lungs, made me mad so's i cut out his heart. took me a good few months to recover tho.
think jim's last name was bowie or summthin.
p.s. - gladius above looks like an early mainz pattern blade with a later pattern hilt. scabbard is a bit plain, most were metal edged with fancy brass work,
see
mainz pattern
i've got a
fulham pattern bladed one myself for things that go bump in the nite.
pompeii pattern (straight double edged diamond x-section, short triangular point) was late empire pattern, easier to make & more effective against armoured barbarians.
all three together
mainz (top) fulham (mid) pompeii (lower)
one roman military historian said they were taught to thrust three inches into the solar plexus where possible which would put them down, soldiers following front line would dispatch the live leftovers. hobnail boots were used to keep footing on a carpet of bodies, guts, and blood, and to stomp wounded to ensure they didn't git up again. armpit of the guy to your right was always good target too, gets you brownie points with the others in your rank. barbs always raised their arms to swing their swords while concentrating on the glorious duel with the individual guy ahead. romans were a moving meat grinder team effort who didn't care about individual duels or honorable swordplay. bowl 'em over & let the back line deal with the leftovers