The are differences between modern swords and their anceint equivalents; But, we will need to put things in perspective before we can have an intelligent discussion on the subject.
First, when we look at an old sword today, especially a pre-industrial sword made prior to the 19th century, we are looking at a relic that has survived for an extensive period of time. Most of the time it has survived specifically because it was an exceptional example, and an extensive investment in time and monies were committed to making it so. The cheap common sword used the rank and file has not survived in large numbers.
We also need to take into account that materials are only a small part of the equation. The design and in particular the balance (center of precussion) of the sword, were critical. The better swords were built to accommodate the style and physical attributes of the owner.
The modern sword maker has access to better materials. But often cheaper materials are employed to keep the cost down. Seldom is a sword actually fitted to the use, and there are probably less than a handful of makers that know how to fit a sword and just about as many users that know what they are looking for in a sword. In general, we lack the nobilities' budget, skills, and fortunately need; and we cannot afford to invest the amount of labor and attention that was invested on the best of the old swords.
