If all you care about is speed, get a belt sander and 36 grit belts. You can get a 1x30 sander Harbor Freight for under $30 right now.
The fastest hand-powered way to hog off hardened steel is a coarse synthetic waterstone. Put your blade on the edge of a table and hold the waterstone in your hand. You can push down on the stone as hard as you want to speed up the cutting. Use the narrow side of the stone to focus even more pressure on the area you want to grind away.
Coarse waterstones have their drawbacks - most wear away very quickly. While a dished stone may be preferable for convex edges, keeping a coarse waterstone flattened can be a chore to say the least. If you keep the stone stationary and move the edge across the top, you'll find that it doesn't stay wet very long (coarse waterstones tend to be very porous) so you have to wet the surface frequently.
A few of us have the pink ceramic 220 grit waterstone available at Epicurean Edge and Japan Woodworker. It may not be the fastest waterstone you can buy, but we like it because it wears slower and holds water better than most other coarse stones. Plus the finish it leaves is finer than 220, making the jump to a 1000 grit stone relatively easy.
If you don't want to deal with stone flattening (or if you want a great stone
flattener), check out the DMT D8XX DiaSharp. It removes metal fast, though it's not recommended to bear down on it like you can do with a stone. The coarse Razor Edge hone is also reported to be a fast cutter, without the mess of oil or water.
My $0.02 . . . all of these methods are fast, so don't base your decision on speed alone. What does your budget allow and which one would you be most comfortable using? If you don't have many knives to reprofile, consider finding a local knifemaker to do the grinding for you. A lot of the knifemakers here are very friendly and wouldn't mind helping if you ask nicely

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