Jewelry makers My wife) use a very hot solution of liver of sulfur to oxidize silver, gives it that darkened antiqued look. Not sure if that would provide any rust protection but it does darken (oxidize) the metal. Though it can be rubbed off with enough .... well, a lot of elbow grease. Would probably work on carbon steel blades. I have never done this so if you try it, it's at your own risk.
You can get it at jewelry supply places, my wife has a small can of it. Since a little goes a long way that small can will last forever.
Anyway, brief instructions:
Thoroughly clean and degrease the item to be treated. Boil a cup of water, place in a small chunk of liver of sulfur about the size of a 1/4" - 3/8" marble and let it dissolve. Dip, dunk or submerge the item to be treated for 10-15 seconds, take it out and see how dark it is. The idea is to get it black, because you'll buff off the excess. You want darker, leave it in longer. Be advised, it stinks like rotten eggs when used! So don't spill it or get it on your clothing or hands. It's also a little toxic, so use in a well ventilated area and don't drink or eat it, as tempting as it will be to do so.
For a knife blade, you may need to touch-up the edge after your finished.