They are both resin based laminates, the difference being the base substrate.
Carbon Fiber using.... well.... carbon fibers, and G10 using glass fibers.
Formed using heat and pressure, G10 is one of the toughest fiberglass materials.
Buck offers the 110 slim pattern in 4 different handle materials, Glass Filled Nylon (GFN), Micarta, G10, and Carbon Fiber.