The real truth is, the exact number of the angle really doesn't matter much. Holding that angle consistently *does* matter. A blade guide of some sort can really help, whether it's a wooden or plastic wedge, a clamp, a folded piece of paper, or a full jig system. Anything to help you hold the angle consistently will help.
If you're stuck on the idea of "the exact angle", I understand. I was too for a while. I built an adjustable sharpening ramp and painstakingly measured the exact angle of the ramp at many points and marked it so I could sharpen to exactly 15 degrees or 12 or 10, etc.
Here's the video that original inspired me to make my own:
[video=youtube;AXhrqfV5jvs]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AXhrqfV5jvs[/video]
The video above is NOT me. That's another bladeforums member (having trouble recalling his BF name right now).
My ramp is similar to his but not the same. My top and bottom pieces meet at a sharply defined point with a hinge so measuring for distance (and thus angle) is easier. My sliding piece rides in a channel; we made mine at my job (at the time) on a CNC machine, so cutting the channel, etc was pretty easy. The end result is very similar to his.
I used it for a month or so and had one breakthrough sharpening experience with it, so it was worth it overall. It's sitting unused right now, but it was a nice learning tool.
Brian.