There is no constant angle, that's why it is convex instead of flat.
The angle is steeper the nearer the edge one gets.
If the sandpaper is on something soft, it will conform and produce a convex edge. If the sandpaper is on an unyielding surface, then the angle will have to be increasesed closer to the edge.
Don't worry about the very edge until most of the shaping is done, otherwise things might be more obtuse than planned. Doesn't take much metal removal to make the very edge more obtuse, but a lot has to be removed to thin it. The very edge will get some sanding even if you don't deliberately sand it, especially with a mousepad backing.
Mark the blade with a magic marker or change the direction of sanding, or polish with a finer grit ocasionally and you will be able to see were you are removing metal. After a while, you should get the "feel", but it's good to check once in a while with one of the above methods.
By hand, at least for me, a good intial goal is just to try and get rid of the parts of the bevel that are hollow, at least around the sweet spot.
Good luck.