Most fab shops I deal with do not have the means to test steel. They get it from the mfg and it is normally color coded in some manner. Then it is all inventory control. There are a few tests tha you can learn to get you in the ballpark. Spark testing can be difficult at best but if you are comparing a known sample to unknown you may get lucky. Then there are many different chem tests that you could do if you get the chemicals together. A good book on metalurgy will elp in these areas. After all that, a good steel supplier and even some scrap yards have a spectrograph which can tell you exacly what you have. Some do small saples for a liittle as $25. SOme are more. If you chose to use scrap steel then I would suggest a little hardening testing. See if normal heat treating, Hardening and tempering, provide a servicable blade. You may have to vary some of your cycles but it can be done. Good hunting..
Chuck