What is the color underneath?
Generally a chrome finish is base steel under copper under nickle under chrome. The nickle and chrome layers are comparatively very thin but very tough. I would recommend stopping with any polishing you're doing and check to see if its ferrous (magnet test) - it may well be aluminum in which case its anodized. Not sure what it cost you, but either way it sounds like a plating (anodizing is essentially plating) issue. From a cost standpoint it might be best to polish it down to a base layer. Copper would be nice, raw aluminum will quickly turn a flat grey color. I think it looks pretty cool, but not so shiny anymore. Either way it may need to be re-plated if you want it to look "like new".
Then again, a fine polishing paper shouldn't have removed chrome or nickel plating, and a quality anodizing would hold up to that as well. Can you contact the maker? Might very well just be some sort of bluing or etch. Hopefully someone else will chime in with a bit more to go on.