Firestarters

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Apr 28, 2012
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I picked up a Swedish Light My Fire Scout Firesteel 2.0. Ever since then, I have been having great fun starting campfires without matches. Most of them are in my little patio chimeneria. Although I imagine a lot of what I am about to say is old news for many of you, I thought I would pass along my observations and if not help someone else, maybe at least learn something new myself. All of these experiments occured in near ideal conditions under no stress and reflect what is possible given my skills (which are meager).

The first thing I started with was dryer lint; because it was free, plentiful and available. It took me a bit to get the hang of it; but once I did I could usually get fires started provided I had prepared all my wood. The lint was easy to get ignited; but tended to burn fast. Also wet dryer lint not only does not ignite; but tends to fall apart.

My next experiment involved coming across a pine tree that had giant chunks of dried sap/resin falling off of it like little white stones. I tried grinding the resin into a powder and attempting to ignite it with the firesteel but I was unsuccessful. I eventually just threw a chunk of resin into a pile of dryer lint and lit the lint - I was pleased to discover that this created a nice hot fire that burned a good 2-3 minutes and gave off black smoke. This made it much easier to get fires going or start with larger wood. As a bonus, the resin burns even if wet, though it takes a little longer to get started.

After this I decided to try making my own firestarters (Firestarter #1). First, I took a bowl with a pour spout and placed a cheap candle from WalMart in it. I then placed this in a pot of water so that the bowl was barely floating and began to boil the water. This allowed me to melt the paraffin. While the candle was melting, I took an empty cardboard egg carton and filled the hole on one side with dryer lint and then dry birch twigs (matchstick size or smaller). After this, I poured the melted wax into the egg carton. I learned a few lessons here:

1. Hot wax soaks through egg carton cardboard with relative ease - making for quite a mess if you haven't prepared for that.

2. It takes awhile for hot wax to solidify at room temperature. The longer it takes, the more leakage/mess. The freezer or refrigerator helps speed the process up.

3. The easiest way to separate the solidified waxy mess was to cut the egg holes apart, soaked waxy cardboard and all.

4. I was unable to ignite lint covered in wax with the firesteel. I had to use dry lint to catch the spark, then set the firestarter in the lint and wait for it to ignite; however once it did it burned hot and strong for almost 18 minutes. You could skip right to 1" thick sticks with dry wood and dry conditions because this could get them started no problem. It was almost impossible not to get a fire going once you got it ignited.

5. The resulting chunks were kind of bulky and with everything covered in wax, they were messy to boot.

My next attempt was a plain old jumbo cotton ball. These are simply awesome. With one or two strikes, they would catch fire and they would burn a good 2 minutes or more. You could also ignite them with the firesteel then pick them up and put them in your firelay. As a bonus, you can stuff a LOT of jumbo cottonballs into a waterproof pill container, a pocket on a sheath, etc. I was really surprised at what a great firestarter a simple cottonball was.

From there, I decided to do another batch of firestarters (Firestarter #2). This time I used a plastic egg carton and after filling the half egg with wax, I set a cotton ball on top to provide something fluffy for the firesteel. Lessons I learned this time:

1. Hot wax melts through plastic egg cartons too; but not as bad. Let it cool a little bit before pouring and make good use of the freezer.

2. Just pop the plastic egg carton inside out to release your firestarter. These give a good strong fire for 15 minutes and a usable, dryer lint type fire for another minute after that.

3. Unfortunately, the cotton ball tends to soak up the wax while it is solidifying, and the waxy cotton ball is difficult to ignite with the firesteel. I had mixed success getting these started.

4. These were slightly more compact; but still too big for a pill bottle and still a waxy mess.

I also took the opportunity to just dip cotton balls half into the wax and set them on a papertowl to dry. These also turned out to be great. They burned for a good 6:30 minutes. They were not as hot as the egg carton firestarters but still plenty hot to get a fire going the usual way. However, you need to leave at least 1/2 to 2/3 "fluffy" and unwaxed or they can be tough to start with a firesteel. Also once the wax hardens, they are not quite so compact as a cotton ball; but they do fit in a pill bottle.

Of all of these, I was most impressed with the cotton ball. You can fit a lot of them in a pill bottle. It required the least work, and you get a good two minutes of fire out of it. My second favorite was the waxed cotton ball - triple the burn time with more heat but you can carry fewer and they can be more difficult to start. The firestarters work better with a match or lighter. Good heat for 15-18 minutes makes it easy to get fires going; but less easy to carry, messy, and tough to start with a firesteel if you don't have separate tinder.

Edited to add pictures: Here is a picture of Firestarter #2 after burning for 12 minutes. As you can see, it burned hot enough and long enough to char the partially burned log I used to separate it from the smaller tinder (didn't want to start an actual fire, just wanted to see how long it would burn on its own). It actually got the log smoldering at a couple of points (the white spots against the black):
fire2_12min.jpg
 
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I usually just use tampons :D Not being able to pee standing up isn't that bad of a sacrifice when you realize that we can start awesome fires at will ;)
 
How do cotton balls soaked/covered/smeared with vaseline compare ? I am just curious.

I am curious about that myself; but I didn't have any Vaseline so I can't say. Based on my reading, they are somewhere in between regular cotton balls and waxed cotton balls on burn time.

I did notice practicing with regular cotton balls, you would occassionally have "charcloth cotton ball" remnants. These were little charred black cotton balls (looked like fluffy little coals) that would practically ignite if you stared hard at them; but they didn't burn long. It struck me you could probably use them as a substitute for charcloth that was easy to make and even easier to ignite
 
Thanks for sharing the links. I realize a lot of those are probably old news to many here; but some of that is still new to me (like the waxed jute twine). I'll have to try that out. One thing I was looking for here was tinder that could be started with a firesteel. My reasoning is that if I can start it with a firesteel, then a match or lighter should be no problem. I don't think the "Mini-Napalm Balls" in that video will work for that given that some people were having trouble starting them with a match and he uses a little blowtorch lighter to start them. It looks like they have the same problem as overly waxed cotton balls/my firestarters as far as ignition goes.

After seeing the jute twine video, I'll have to play a little more with getting the waxed cotton balls fluffy again and breaking out some strands. I tried a little bit of that trying to get my second batch of firestarters lit; but didn't have much luck. It looks like it works well with waxed jute twine though.
 
Cut up bicycle inner tubes are supposed to burn hot enough and long enough to get wood going.
 
Nice experiments! I've been wondering lately how film canister sized containers of thermite would do in wet/non ideal conditions (of course you'd need a method of getting it to light with a spark)
 
I am curious about that myself; but I didn't have any Vaseline so I can't say. Based on my reading, they are somewhere in between regular cotton balls and waxed cotton balls on burn time.

I did notice practicing with regular cotton balls, you would occassionally have "charcloth cotton ball" remnants. These were little charred black cotton balls (looked like fluffy little coals) that would practically ignite if you stared hard at them; but they didn't burn long. It struck me you could probably use them as a substitute for charcloth that was easy to make and even easier to ignite

It works great. On my last trip out, I put a big 'ol glob of Vaseline in a plastic bag and dropped in 15 or so large cotton balls. I zipped up the bag and worked the whole nasty mess around until the cotton balls were all pretty well and evenly coated. When you are ready to start a fire, grab one of the cotton balls and pull it apart with your fingers for a bit. You want it to be as loose and fiberous as possible. Set that on your platform and hit it with your firesteel. It goes up real nice! Quickly add feathersticks and such and you will have a nice fire in no time. The cotton ball alone will burn for 2ish minutes.

I highly recommend this method for firestarting. Even in wet conditions.
 
Good stuff. You are doing the right thing by experimentation on your own to see what works, what doesn't and how confident you can be with your firesteel. Many of people buy firesteels seeing them on survival shows and the internet, throw them in their pack and do not discover that they require practice and training until they need to use it. If they survive, they then go to REI and write a bad review about the firesteel not working :D :D

Over time you get to know the characteristics of tinder (natural or artificial) that make for good tinder with firesteels and eventually many folks start to begin to feel as confident with foraging for natural tinders as they do with artificial ones.

Somethings to note from my experience. Despite feeling a lot of confidence in my own firesteel technique, I always carry some artificial tinder in my pack/kit just in case. After playing with many things including PJCB stuffed in sealed straws, wax impregnated cotton and sawdust, some commercial products like wetfire, fatwood etc., I settled on what I still think is a great all round (albeit commercial) product. For me, I think the Coghlan's firestick, available just about everywhere is about as perfect. These sticks are soft and very easy to feather up with a dull knife or the scraper you are using with your fire steel. You can even feather them enough with your thumbnail to catch as spark if you need to. They will burn for about 4 minutes. They are waterproof and can be readily cut down to whatever size you want. They are simple - basicaly sawdust impregnated in paraffin and they last forever (unlike wetfire which has been known to degrade over time especially if you get a pinhole in the packaging). Lastly, they are cheap - about $5 for 12 sticks. My most common application of them (non-bushcraft) is to use one with a charcoal funnel to light up the lump charcoal I use for my BBQ. One stick works great for this and it is simpler and less messy then trying to use paper.

Anyhow, practice makes perfect on firesteels. The nice thing is that making a little tinder fire takes no time and leaves no scar on the land, so while you are out on your walks it is fun to experiment with various pieces of paper bark whether it is from birch, oak, cherry, ironwood etc, dried and spongy punkwood, dried grasses etc.
 
I have a very old box of fire starters that my dad bought in college - they're balls of sawdust soaked in wax, then formed into pellets. The pellets burn for several minutes, or you can crush them and ignite them pretty easily (haven't tried it with a fire steel, but they light with open flame really easily, and throwing them on open flames has the same result as diesel on an open flame.) I'm tempted to try to make some more, since they're beginning to run low...


The other readily plentiful fire starter is found in your dryer - lint. A thick ball of it seems to burn quite well for a decent amount of time.

Or if you want to be a bit extreme and have a match on hand, you can burn C-4. A 1oz cube of it burns for at least 10 minutes, and it burns hot :p
 
Had some spare time so even though it was 102 outside, I threw my firestarters in a bucket of water to see how they would work wet. I tried the plain old cotton ball, waxed cotton ball, pine resin, and my firestarter #1 above.

Lessons learned:
I was unable to get anything going with the firesteel. I wrung out the cotton ball and got it fluffy but the residual moisture was enough to keep it from igniting. I took a knife and cut up the waxed cotton ball, hoping to fluff up some of the waxed fibers so they could be struck by a firesteel. No luck there either - it was like a candle there was so much wax. Got some real brief ignitions but couldn't keep it going. For both of these I basically scraped the firesteel repeatedly like a maniac.

I didn't even try the firesteel with firestarter #1 as I cannot start it dry with a firesteel. Instead I held a little Bic lighter to it until it caught (took about a minute to catch; but the only thing that was easier to light when wet was the pine resin). I did learn one thing though - in the past I had used my grill/fireplace lighter when doing this on the back porch. His time I decided I should use the same little Bic lighter I have in my kit. As it turns out, keeping a steady flame for a minute on one of those gets the top of it and your thumb, pretty damn hot. It was a contest to see if the stuff would ignite before my thumb couldn't take it anymore.

In order of success with the lighter it was: pine resin, firestarter #1, waxed cotton ball, cotton ball. Suprisingly, the unwaxed cotton ball had to practically be dangled in the fire from firestarter #1 before it would catch. Still plan on giving the compressed sawdust and waxed jute twine a try. Thanks for the input.
 
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