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Hide Tanning/Smoking in the Field

Joined
Nov 5, 2009
Messages
538
Hello everyone!

To usher in deer season, what more than a few pics to wet the palate?
Unfortunately, this was not the result of my own hunt. No, it was the puppy that got this one!

I could have also called this thread "The Ultimate Large-Scale Cross-Over Tool", as the goal of this post was initially to be about smaller size game processing with a larger blade, but became more of an inquiry into the 7" large camp knife as the ultimate belt knife/camp knife/bushcraft knife, cross-over tool...


So it all began a few weeks ago. A family of deer found a weak spot in the fencing and made their way into the apple orchards, garden beds, and vineyards. Of course, the dogs on the property were more than eager to chase them off and out, all but one. After many attempts to free it, the little puppy took over and played cat & mouse for a bit until the little deer's heart just couldn't take it anymore, and collapsed under an apple tree.

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After confirming it's passing, and congratulating the puppy on her first catch, I tied the deer's legs and carried her under the big Willow for dressing. I went immediately for my Big Sky Camp, over my Highland Special, as I was curious about its performance on this little one. Although not a rabbit, the little 65 lb. deer was small enough, and skin thin enough, to consider small-medium game.

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A proud puppy!


My friend Gonzalo walked up from working in the vineyard, curious, and pulled out a little Swiss Army knife and began sharpening it. I looked at him and then my Big Sky. He said, "Let's use yours". I saw the way he was eyeing it. No doubt he had never seen a Bowie like this. I was pleased to let him use it, as I was anxious to see what he thought of it. I was also glad to have a skinning buddy, as I usually do this work alone... Gonzalo is a devout roadkill scrounger, he probably goes through a deer every couple weeks, so I had no worries in letting him go at it... Although, I warned him, the Big Sky is sharp!

We strung up the little deer and went to quick work. The weather was perfect. The dogs, all watching.
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I knew that we would be eating heartily for the week! The recipes were already abounding in my mind!


The Big Sky made the first cuts around the neck look like the skin was already aching to come apart.
Gonzalo chuckled a little, and I knew he was pleased. Occasionally, he would forget the sharpness and go a little deeper or give a little nick, but he was used to a Swiss Army knife, so I understood. The skin on this one was also really thin.
We fed her well, on apples and wild plum that's for sure!

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The Big Sky handled circling the joints and popping no sweat, cut the ribs up like nothing, no edge rolls, no dents...

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The width at the ricasso was useful in a variety of grips for geeting in odd angles. The lack of a guard as well, allowed more versatility. Blood soaked hands and blade, and there was no instance of, or wanting to, slip while gripping the micarta handles.

That's more like it!

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Some choice, tender cuts! The lady of the house was pleased!

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More to come!!!
 
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read it twice so far !!!!! as ive never got a chance to do any hunting, it was interesting to see game prep pics (i live on an island with no real wildlife worth hunting, however i do a LOT of spearfishing)
 
Nice! Spearfishing is something I've wanted to try for some time!
I would love to see some pics some time!:thumbup:

It helps having warm waters too, I bet. Here, I enjoy surfing, but the water is cold, with low visability, and briny from the kelp forests...
 
My bad Paleo. I attempted to edit this but have messed it up. I will be sending you a PM regarding cross-posting, sorry about that!

Joe
 
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woops
 
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paleo, if you could continue the thread without the cross link, and with the
 
However, back outside, I wasn't done yet with the Big Sky. I had a nice thin deer hide hanging from a Willow branch that I was letting the ticks and fleas scramble off of. Even though it wasn't the best hide for tanning and smoking as it was so thin, I thought why not test this knife further?

So I whipped up a quick fleshing station by the wood pile. The leather pad goes placed above a folded rag to pinch the hide against my chest as I work. The leather is optional, but it really keeps the moisture off you and holds well when out in the field!

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After a couple rinses in changes of water, I went to it. Yup that's me!

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The thick and angular spine on the Big Sky handled the fleshing well, once I got the angle of attack right. It took me about 2 hours from fleshing station assembly, to fleshing, to invasion of the inevitable wasps, to rinse, to completion. Would a fleshing tool work better? Yes, no doubt. But it is also a matter of material. Bone scrapers are more forgiving when you push hard, and have a roundedness for handle, and a warmth; whereas, a metal knife is thin, angular and cold.

The Big Sky got the job done, no errors, no mishaps, and would handle skinning and fleshing out in the field, no worries!

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There was still sun in the day, so I figured, why not rack this hide?

I soaked the hide in wood ash and water to loosen it up a bit throughout the day and while I got ready for the next step. Ideally, the longer you let it soak (in wood ash, lime, uric acid, tannic acid, etc.) the easier it will be to dehair and work...

If out in the field, the easiest method is to simply stake and stretch the hide out on the ground. If short on materials, long woody shoots or sticks can be woven in the flesh cuts to pull and stake.

I have dogs, so instead of ground staking, I built a quick rack. A couple whacks cross batoning, a plank, and I had an easy lean-to type of rack. I used nails (no not hammered with the Big Sky!) instead of cordage to fasten as they were nearby and I wanted to save my string, but out in the field, wood notching and cordage lashing is the way (I won't get into cordage harvesting and making, as there is only so much time in the day! I'll save cordage for another write-up!).....



Prepping the hide: using leg sinew to stitch cuts before racking to reduce tear, cutting slits in hide (the Big Sky excelled at tip work!), and notching the wood for stringing up the hide. The Big Sky notched so easily and so well, I couldn't tell I was going cross-grain!

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Getting there! The light was fading, so I decided to let it dry over-night and do a dry scrape in the morning with the Big Sky!

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Notice the spacing on the stitching. I start with the corners of the hide to center it on the rack. I then go about and fill in until it is racked. The more stringing, the more hide to work with. Again, in the field, you can put woody shoots or willow sticks through to pull.
I was working a thin hide and the stomach hide was so thin, I knew it wasn't worth it....


I cut-off these thin end pieces after drying and scraping and save them as rawhide snacks for the dogs, this is a great way to save hide and money on dog treats! The dogs love 'em!
 
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The next day, I went to it...

The Big Sky was brilliant as scraping the hide. The grip I had required alot of thumb pressure, so it took longer than it should have. The blade geometry was good in that it never wanted to bite too deep, which is critical at this point...

The design of a scraping tool allows one to pull down with the arm in a steady grip. With a knife, The hold is sideways which can be tiresome for the arm... However, the Big Sky worked it!

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To compare, I grabbed my Little Creek to see if a more razor- like convex would perform any better. I found that the sharpness combined with the thin blade caused it to bite too often. It was less long shaves and more nicks. As I got better with it after using the Big Sky, it nicked less frequently, but still overall, the Big Sky performed better in this regard, although it took longer. Notice the hide here compared to the above pics with the Big Sky...

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But that isn't to say the Little Creek doesn't excel at other tasks! I carved this guy while taking lunch!

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Combined, I have one of my favorite wilderness sets!

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(Gratuitous shot of puppy sniffing lamb butt in the background!)


Note: I went for a dry scrape method on this hide. Wet scrape is another method. I could've re-soaked the hide in a loosening solution and gone for a wet scrape, or gone immediately to scrape after fleshing. There are advantages and disadvantages to both methods and each yields a different resulting hide texture.
Based on the time, I chose to let it dry and scrape later...



Days passed before I finally decided to tan and smoke it.
If out in the field, two days of solid work can yield you a hide, start to finish.
Leaving the hair on, then would most likely be the first choice if needing clothing ASAP. This will save you time.
Then, on the next hide, you can get more luxurious.... Remember, comfort is relative to the surroundings and situation!


To field tan, look no further than fresh brains. There is a saying, "Every animal has enough brains to tan its own hide". Brain-tanning is a lost art and yields an incredibly soft and comfy hide.

However, these brains must be fresh. In my effort to keep them, alas, they weren't up to par. I resorted to tannic tanning.

In California, the most used was the Tan Oak (Lithocarpus densiflorus), although not a true oak.
There are none on my property, so I resorted to a medley of tannin yielders: Pine acorns, cracked oak nuts, oak leaves, etc. I put it all in. I let the hide soak over night in the solution.

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Notice the leaching of color at this point. Each plant material yields a different hue. Oak leaves, for example, bring out yellows...

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The Big Sky was not utilized at this point, but was tucked in my belt! Although comfy, I don't like to forget that I'm wearing a knife, especially when out in the wild. I prefer to have it remind me of its presence, always. I find that I even use it more this way!
 
Smoking can be a patient process in which you have to be aware of flare-ups and discoloration of the hide.

The Big Sky was used to piece a quick tripod.

Prepping the hide: I sewed it with more sinew until I had a bag. This was placed like a chimney over the smoke pit. Notice I said 'smoke pit' and not fire!
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A good trick to reducing flare-ups and maintenance is a trick used by the Eastern Tribes, like the Iroquois. They utilized rocks in a fire. Once the rocks were hot, punky wood was placed on the rocks and let to smolder. I have found this trick to greatly reduce flare-ups as there is almost no fire... More cones and oak leaves were scattered in to allow smoke tanning.
Just as a colored newspaper has colored flames, so too does plant material...

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The final stretch, so to speak! Working the edges, buffing, and some final sanding!

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Oh yes, that chamois cloth feel! This is especially hard to achieve with such thin, young hides. I have yet to make something with it, as I have plenty of leather and hide, but when the time comes, I'll be prepared!

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Something I always ask my students is: what is a shelter? Is it a roof or blanket? The answer is both. With that in mind, where does shelter begin? With clothing. It works up from there to debris, then lean-to's, then to debris huts, then into more semi-permanent structures, like hogans... But it all starts on the skin. Shelter, then, is of the utmost, if not the most important necessity when out in the bush!



To Conclude: After using my Big Sky for a variety of tasks, from carving to slicing to notching to chopping, I can honestly say I would choose it over most of my, if not any of my mid-size bushcraft knives if I had to choose just one. Don't get me wrong, I love small blades. I have more small blades than anything else, I EDC three-finger blades. and I love mid-sizers. But I have only one Big Sky. (A shame!)

Could the Big Sky be outperformed in each task? Yes. But I am discussing cross-over. This large blade hits it on the spot.
Why? Well, to begin, it resembles a bowie, but is truly a camp knife. To follow, it just allows more breadth in terms of mid-size capabilities. It chops more, it draws better, it fleshes more (imagine the fleshing time with a 4"!) it cuts deep, it works harder.
Yes, it weighs more than an Aurora, but less than a small hatchet. In terms of cross-over tool, it just spanks the competition for large blades, and comes darn near to spanking most mid-sizers.

In terms of large game, I would prefer to have it on my belt. True Bowie's have the fighter element, and thus a guard of some sort. The Big Sky is guardless. I have found, in my stabbing and thrust test that the Big Sky, with a semi-dry hand, slid only 1/4" -1/2" with full force, stopping at the hand swell. Other knives, with guards even, were in the 1/8"-1/4" range, stopping at the guard. No worries there.

I have found that the straight spine is better for fleshing. Also, the swedge on the clip of the Big Sky allows for comfortable grip on the spine....
The lack of a guard allows me to choke up all I want, which comes in handy with carving.

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The long handle is what you want in a chopper! I love the handle!

In short, a 7" camp knife could be the best answer to a large-size cross-over tool: more than just a Bowie, more than an axe, more than a belt knife, more than a survival knife; in fact, it could be the new template for the ideal survival knife!



Have fun out there! Thanks for looking!:D





More Info:
A wiseman once said, 'there's more than one way to skin a cat,' so too are there many ways of tanning and smoking. I performed a quick process using on-site materials, and only a knife to mimic an actual field situation. In time, I may do a real one for y'all!

If you are interested to know more about braintanning or about hide, my friend Tamara Wilder has written the 'bible' on the lost art of braintanning. Tanning and paleo-living is her thing. She truly lives the 'paleo' or 'abo' life. She has been featured on the show 'Modern Marvels'. She also has a wonderful website, packed with goodies:

http://www.paleotechnics.com/buckskinbookpage.html
 
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fantastic. Thanks for taking the time to post!
 
Very educational. Thank you for taking the time to illustrate the process so well. I, for one, greatly appreciate it. Well done!
 
Thanks guys!:D


I forgot to mention, there is a way to preserve fresh brains when out in the field. The native California tribes used rings of Old Man's Beard, or Usnea lichen (a cross between fungus and alga) to soak and dry the brains in. Smells like wet, stinky dog until it dries... And can take long to dry...

I have none of it nearby on my property, but it is easily found in the woods!

Here is a pic from a recent paleotechnics workshop...
Pictured with bone scraping tools...

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This why I keep coming here. This was very interesting information. Always heard about it, never knew how it was done or what was involved. Thanks a lot for this writeup.

I have probably a thousand questions but I'll start with this. Was the sinew from that animal or is there some prep that needs to be done with sinew so it was from a previous animal. And from where, I assume we are talking tendon, from the back leg??
One more for now. How long a timeframe are we talking here. A day, week, year. How about the first time you did it, how much time?

Thanks,
KR
 
It takes a solid two days start to finish to work a decent hide.
Leaving the hair on cuts the time drastically.
Wet-scrape on the spot also cuts time. Dry-scrape means I can finish later, as there are other goings-on things to concern yourself with out in the field.
Brain-tanning on the spot cuts time as well, instead of harvesting plant tannins.
Buffalo would take 3-4 days, with a couple people working it, so it depends on size as well.

I could've done this in a day and a half, but got started late in the day. The tanning process is an overnight soak, or longer, process, based on the desired breakdown. I waited a few days before smoking, as I was busy and it rained a couple days....

It is all dependent on the need and the desired look. Wet-scrape, dry-scrape, both have advantages and disadvantages. It's all up personal preference.

Sinew is found on the back and legs, and yes, this was from the back of the leg. What we would consider the 'Achilles Tendon' area on a human. Let these air dry and then light pounding until the fibers separate, but don't break them! These were from the same animal. I am a hound for sinew! They dry quickly.

Sinew can be kept dry. When you need it, a little moisture added, and its back to freshness, which naturally happened as I worked the moist hide with the dry sinew. It dries tight and cinches well. Combine this with a little hide glue (or powdered jello as it has hide glue in it!) and this is what is used for hafting stone blades or points, along with pitch. The sinew shrinks tight and is a great binder. Also makes great cordage...
 
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Whoa! Great project. Nice, detailed description, great photos. This, ladies and gentlemen, is how you post in W&SS.:thumbup:
 
(or powdered jello as it has hide glue in it!)

No S**t! :eek:

This is really great stuff.
Another question. Is there a difference if you want to keep the hair on? Make it into a blanket instead of making what, like deerskin boots or something if you don't have the hair on the hide? Or is there another reason or technique if you leave the hair on? I guess I'm asking why remove the hair? Is it specific to a given end result and does it make a difference in how you "treat" it.

Thanks again,
KR
 
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Yup!
Knoxx unflavored gelatin!
One of the best hide glues out there!
Mix sinew up with gelatin and some moisture, spit even!


As for hair, its up to you.
I mentioned, in a survival situation, leaving the hair on for your first one or two will save you time...
Leaving the hair on has its advantages. More dead air space between layers, more resiliency to the weather, wind, etc.

The California Bay Area native Ohlone would wear deer hide with the hair on and antlers even and go deer hunting, walking on all fours, getting up close, and bam! with a throwing stick to the back of the neck, or a spear....

Hairs will come off eventually. But this is a long time or short, based on exposure, use, etc.
Furs will as well, but in longer time.

I was demonstrating the scraping and shaving capabilities of the knives. I could've skipped that if I wanted, sure...
 
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I can appreciate the work you have done. I have done some braintanning myself. I have never tried to do it in the field. When done properly you have a great piece of hide that seems to be stronger than comercial tan. I can't imagine how hard it would be to scrape a hide with a knife. I have used the back of a machete to flesh the hide. Regards, Loosearrow
 
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