Manyb things help - Large wheel, radiused platen, 1" wide contact wheel.
I do them with a rotary platen, or on the slack belt just above the top idler.
I suspect you could just remove the platen and grind on the slack belt, too.
Many years back, there was a British Blades chap who was making a flambarge sword. He made a 1.5" wide platen with a slight curve from side to side (opposite of a radiused platen) and the edges rounded. This allows the 2" wide belt to cup slightly as he would grind with no bite at the edge of the platen to cause a divot in the blade.
Another idea would be to make a curved face contact wheel (effectively the same as above platen). Turn down a contact wheel and leave the center 1" area flat and round the edges back a good 1/4"on each side of the flat part. This will allow turning and sweeping the blade without the belt edge digging in. I have an old 10" wheel in the shop with a chunk out of the edge from a grinding accident. Maybe I'll turn it down and see how this works sometime in the future.