There are a lot of different types of CF out there - with different grades of fiber, different weaves, and different resins (although a majority of them are epoxy-based). Making a sweeping generalization about all of them isn't going to tell you much - it is sort of like asking "How does wood hold up?"
Did you have a particular make and model in mind?
In making my own scales, I've had good luck with BlackSite CF. It works and finishes well and doesn't chip out as bad as some others.
For commercial scales, I've had the most exposure to Spyderco's CF and CF/G10 laminates. By and large their quality is great, but they've had challenges on some models where their manufacturers have used inferior quality CF (such as the original Cat/Chicago releases). But the newer CF/G10 laminates appear to be extremely tough and wear resistant.
TedP