In it's most basic form, a microbevel is just an extra and very small (narrow) bevel added at the existing cutting edge, by increasing (widening) the sharpening angle slightly above the hone. If your existing edge were at 15° per side, and you increase your sharpening angle to 17° per side for one or more passes on the hone, you now have a 2° microbevel on each side, as referenced to the original edge angle. The width of the microbevel, from edge to shoulder, can vary widely. It may only be a few microns wide or less, if done very lightly in a minimum of passes, or it can be wider. How wide one chooses to make it is entirely up to preference. Obviously, the larger it gets, the less 'micro' it also becomes. Most usually do it to make a thin cutting edge more robust and durable for heavy cutting chores.
This 'sticky' at the top of the Maint forum page is a good place to start reading:
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