Any knife can be damaged, broken or destroyed. It just takes a sufficiently talented fool to do it.
As for repairing the finish, one must look to the professional knife makers and learn their technique. What I've learnt is that you need to work your way up the grit scale of sandpapers. Each successively smaller grit will take out the scratches formed by the previous grit. You can't straightaway go to the finest grit because then it would take forever to sand down the surface to the point where the original scratches are removed.
If starting from raw, begin with 100grit paper, move up the scale, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1600. You may be able to skip every other grit. Sand very lightly and in a direction perpendicular to the prior scratch. So if the 100grit is sanded lengthwise along the blade, the 200 grit should be sanded across the blade, the 400grit will again be lengthwise along the blade.
Sand lightly and only enough to get rid of the previous scratches. By the time you reach 1600grit, you should have a satin finish. To reach mirror finish, you need aluminium oxide or similar, which comes in liquid suspension at about 3200 grit or 6400 grit. And finally finish off with jeweller's rouge.
It is a long and painstaking process and depending on how deep the initial scratch is, going through all that may leave you with a very small, very thin blade. So most users don't bother much with it.