The Sharpening FAQ by Joe Talmadge is a good place to start.
http://www.knifeart.com/sharfaqbyjoe.html
You might also want to get a copy of "The Razor Edge Book of Sharpening" by John Juranitch, especially for information on axes.
You probably won't find a method without investing some time and cash in personal experimentation.
For knives, I started with a Lansky (clamp) system, then supplemented it with diamond hones and a C-clamp to handle harder steels. This gave me the ability to hold a consistent angle.
Then I learned about honing, then stropping. That made it possible to stretch out the time between sharpening, and to get a razor edge more quickly.
Over the past few years I've tried several sharpening systems, including an EdgePro Professional model. I've never been able to do well freehand, except for touchups using a large, round, ceramic rod.
My current favorite system is the Spyderco Sharpmaker 204. Of all the systems I've tried, it's the easiest and quickest to set up and take down. Despite having to hold a consistent angle by hand, it gives remarkable edges.
Finally, over the last few months, I've been reading about and experimenting with convex edges and sharpening with emery paper on a mousepad.
I've used a folding diamond hone and a puck to sharpen axes, but I'm far from satisfied with my skills in that area.
Bear