Hi Burnsy56,
Sorry for your wife and daughter's experience. Like James Keating says, like it or not, there are creatures out there (misquoted). My 2cents.
As mentioned;
#1. mindset, awareness
#2. some specific training. It doesn't have to be a 6 month course. There are many 2 & 3 day courses created by MBC professionals to prepare one for the situation.
#3. a legal non lethal disuader (pepper spray, electronic zapper, etc.)
This part is a sales pitch (apologies).
#4. a Spyderco SPOT as a last ditch defense which was specifically designed and produced for what happened. In America, fortunately, you don't have to be a victim, but you do want to be legal, fair and socially correct should you have to defend yourself.
sal