You can buy adapter plates from 56 to 145 from motor shops, if you are bolting to a metal plate, etc.
Many ways to do it, including just drilling mounting holes in the bigger pattern.
If the shaft is bigger, and you don't have a lathe, take the pulley(s) to a machine shop and have them open the arbor up. The last thing you need is out of round or wobbly pulleys.
Edited to add: The 145T frame usually means a bigger motor with higher horspower, larger shaft, etc.
I can't remember where the break is from 56 to 145. I think when you jump from 1.5 to 2HP. It could be 2-3.
You can find higher horspower with smaller frame sizes for special applications, like compressors and the like.
You can, like I said above, buy an adapter mount to bolt on the bigger motor to allow it's use in existing mounting holes.