mousepad sharpening questions

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Sep 2, 2004
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I finally tried my hand at convexing a blade. I took an old Himalyan Imports Kumar Karda with a very thick edge. It had been chipped and was very dull. I used a 60 grit grinding wheel stuck to a mousepad. I think they were for an angle grinder. I got the wheels at a Tractor Supply store. I had been looking for regular course grindstones but couldn't find any and I found this worked great and it was a couple of bucks.

After a long time going from 60 to 80 to 150 to 220 to 600 I had a pretty good polished edge (although the blade has a bunch of scratches). It wasn't until I used the sharpmaker that I got a good paper cutting edge. I was pretty happy for the first time out though.

But I'm trying to sharpen a smaller Himalayan Imports knife. I followed the same procedure above, but since its a nicer knife, I tried to go up to 1500 grit. The edge looks pretty good but even after a hundred strokes on the sharpmaker, its as dull as a turd.

Anybody have any tips? If I go back and start from the beginning will it hurt anything?
 
Don't switch grits on the paper until the knife is sharp, it should easily slice newsprint after the most coarse grit, it can even push cut it with proper burr removal.

-Cliff
 
Cliff Stamp said:
Don't switch grits on the paper until the knife is sharp, it should easily slice newsprint after the most coarse grit, it can even push cut it with proper burr removal.

-Cliff


Thanks Cliff, a couple of more questions.

How are the grit choices? Is there a rule of thumb of where you start and how much differences between the grits?

How much pressure should I be using? I use a fair amount of pressure with my fingers. I mean, I don't bear down over the blade, but my hands\fingers assert quite a bit of pressure.

I'm sure that burr removal has been discussed everywhere. I just used a chunk of pine and "slice" the wood with light pressure on the slice. Is that okay?

If I'm not getting a paper cutting sharp edge with each grit, do I just need to keep working at each grit, or is it a sign of something specific wrong with my technique?
 
You start at a low enough grit so the edges will meet and form quickly, this means essentially as low as you can get if the blade is significantly dull. After you sharpen a few times you get enough experience to estimate from the extent of blunting what you need to restore the edge. If a knife is just a little off shaving for example I will most likely just use a fine stone and reset the edge, however if there is visible light reflecting or any damage it is a 200 grit silicon carbide stone which is *really* coarse.

The more grits you skip the longer it will take, so the more paper you have the better. You press down hard enough so that the blade bites in. When you are shaping this is basically as hard as you can press. Once the edge meets and is sharp and can slice a piece of paper you have to switch from shaping to honing and you go lighter because you don't want to deform the edge but abrade it. Simpler steels also respond well to light pressure, something like S30V needs a heavy hand as it is so hard to grind.

To remove the burr just use a couple of passes into the paper at an elevated angle, don't be too concerned with getting the blade really sharp at the coarse grits if you are raising it to a high polish, you just want to knock off the majority of the burr. If you do this with every switch in grits it will be very minimal by the time you are ready to finish. With practice you will be able to get rid of it perfectly even on the coarse grits.

Cutting into wood and other methods actually crack off the burr and smash it into the edge which undo a lot of the careful sharpening. You generally only do something as drastic as that when the steel is really difficult to cleanly sharpen and the burr is very hard to abrade, usually only an issue on cheap stainless knives.

If the blade isn't cutting paper well at each grit either the edges don't actually meet, or there is a significant burr buildup of debris at the edge. They should all at least slice newsprint cleanly, this isn't hard, getting them to all push cut newsprint may take some more time but it will come as well with experience. Don't set too high goals initially as that just leads to frustration.

-Cliff
 
That is an interesting link, but it filled with misconceptions about convex grinds. Such as the idea that it takes more skill, the opposite is true. I recently converted the blade on my Rucksack to a full convex grind, you just use the unsupported part of the belt above the platen and due to the nature of the grind there is a lot of user variance tolerated which would not be if you were flat grinding - same thing of course for mousepad sharpening vs using a ceramic stone.

The entire section about cutting ability and friction is also biased as it compares a convex grind with a radically thicker flat ground blade. What happens if you compare the same convex blade with a flat ground blade which was made by flattening the sides of the convex blade. What happens if you compare it to a blade which had the convex sides of the knife hollowed out. How do the hollows influence ease of sharpening and cutting ability?

Similar with the effects of extended sharpening thickening flat ground blades but not full convex profiles. There is of course nothing stopping you from lapping the sides of your flat ground blades on occasion, and it will go much faster if they have hollow relief grinds. The angle you use of course depends on what you are sharpening, my Opinel isn't honed anywhere near 13 degrees, it is more like 3-5.

Thom posted a commentary on how to sharpen convex edges on flat stones awhile back repeating what Alvin has noted for years on rec.knives which is basically a combination of user angle variance and stone wear will produce a natural convex bevel automatically. He hones in both directions, I tend to as well for shaping, but finish generally edge into. Mel Sorg noted the same sharpening method for convex blades on hard stones on Knifeforms years ago (before Bladeforums existed).

-Cliff
 
Thanks Lanza.

I have always found that link to be helpful Cliff. You can't read anything like that often that isn't going to be laced with personal opinion about what works best or why things are as they are but you take what you can use out of it and disregard the rest.

As for the level of skill required to convex a knife: I've noticed not many people do it compared to other edge types, not with knives anyways. If it was so easy it seems to me it would be more commonly found on various production and custom knives also. To my knowledge Bark River and some like Marbles and certain other brands are in the minority using these edge types on their knives. Whether that speaks of the skill level or the special little kit you need to maintain the knives sharpened this way is debateable. It is after all much easier to carry a DMT or EZE Lap diamond in your field pouch than several grits of sandpaper and a mousepad along with whatever else you need to maintain a convexed edge. The fact that convex grinds are not as common as in days gone by may have to do with popularity but that is sometimes based on what is faster and easier and only sometimes what is better.

I think in the picture of the radically thicker flat grind that it is exaggerated but isn't he talking about axes and other bigger tools there?

STR
 
[convex]

STR said:
I've noticed not many people do it compared to other edge types, not with knives anyways.

Opinels are convex ground and are extremely cheap, you really can't argue it is costly or difficult when you find it on one of the most inexpensive knives made.

Whether that speaks of the skill level or the special little kit you need to maintain the knives sharpened this way is debateable. It is after all much easier to carry a DMT or EZE Lap diamond in your field pouch than several grits of sandpaper and a mousepad along with whatever else you need to maintain a convexed edge.

You don't need anything special to maintain a convex edge, as I noted Mel Sorg discussed this on Knifeforums before Bladeforums existed. You can do it with a Sharpmaker if you want. Plus you can sharpen a convex bevel by just applying a micro v-bevel without significantly changing the ability anyway. This is how Fallkniven sharpens thier knives and so do many custom makers like Fowler.

I think in the picture of the radically thicker flat grind that it is exaggerated but isn't he talking about axes and other bigger tools there?

No, making the arguement that they in general cut better by comparing a much thinner convex grind to a much thicker flat ground blade. The cutting ability is simply determined by the cross section to a much larger extent than the curvature. On most of the convex ground knives that cut well the curvature is so close to flat you can't even tell they are convex by looking at them. The reason they cut well is because the edge is thin and ground acutely. It isn't like any of the Marbles or BRK&T will outcut the flat ground knives Wilson makes.

-Cliff
 
Yeah I'm pretty sure he is talking about 'larger fixed blades' with those drawing examples. As I recall he even says something to that effect in the first paragraph. I don't think it is reasonable to assume he is referring to opinel folders and other small blades in those drawings. The drawings even give the impression that they are bigger implements and tools for heavy tasks vs delicate ones like the SAK he mentions early on.

It sounds like you are confusing edges and grinds somewhat also Cliff. You seem to be talking about converting a blade to a convexed edge and not a convexed grind. I see that as two entirely different things. A Mike Stewart Bark River knife for example is a true convex grind from the beginning to end. It isn't a hollow grind that has later been honed to reshape the primary bevel to a convex edge. It also isn't a convexed with flat sides which is no longer a 'true convex' when that is the case is it? I would call that a 'modified convex' or a 'modified flat grind' personally because it incorportates aspects of two different grinds.

By the way it is generally believed that it does take skill to convex grind a blade or tool from scratch. You make it sound like any joe blow can just pick up a blade and make it happen. Not so. Making a convex grind blade is one of the more challenging types to make consistantly and it is basically 'slack' grinding by removing the platen on your grinder. I would not start out blade making by trying that grind first lets put it that way. If you pulled it off and thought it was so easy you should be grinding more blades and selling them Cliff because reading that line above about how you think it does not take more skill to convex grind makes it sound like you are claiming you have moved from reviewer/tester to maker now.
STR
 
Cliff Stamp said:
That is an interesting link, but it filled with misconceptions about convex grinds. Such as the idea that it takes more skill, the opposite is true. I recently converted the blade on my Rucksack to a full convex grind, you just use the unsupported part of the belt above the platen and due to the nature of the grind there is a lot of user variance tolerated which would not be if you were flat grinding - same thing of course for mousepad sharpening vs using a ceramic stone.

The entire section about cutting ability and friction is also biased as it compares a convex grind with a radically thicker flat ground blade. What happens if you compare the same convex blade with a flat ground blade which was made by flattening the sides of the convex blade. What happens if you compare it to a blade which had the convex sides of the knife hollowed out. How do the hollows influence ease of sharpening and cutting ability?

-Cliff

I think youre making assumptions about the skill required for a maker based on your own limited experiences. A full convex grind should not have great variances, and should be as symmetrical and perfect as a full flat grind. Just because you pushed a flat blade against a slack belt and it now appears convex doesnt mean you have perfected the process. In fact, your ideas on great variances seem to be an example of that.

As far as the questions of grinding the convex blade flat..youre just thinning stock at that point...1/8" is 1/8"...if the spine is 1/8" and the bevel is edge to spine, the angle is already determined for the flat grind based on your wanted final edge thickness before sharpening. If you had that same blade a full true convex, then flattened the convex, you'd have the same flat ground blade. Convex allows you to create a more efficient geometry without overly thinning the stock.
 
Cliff Stamp said:
[convex]

No, making the arguement that they in general cut better by comparing a much thinner convex grind to a much thicker flat ground blade. The cutting ability is simply determined by the cross section to a much larger extent than the curvature. On most of the convex ground knives that cut well the curvature is so close to flat you can't even tell they are convex by looking at them. The reason they cut well is because the edge is thin and ground acutely. It isn't like any of the Marbles or BRK&T will outcut the flat ground knives Wilson makes.

-Cliff


Again, I think you are way off here. Are you taking about convex edges or convex blades? Big difference, maybe not to you... For a chopping blade, for example, if chopping ability was driven off the thinness of the blade, we'd all be chopping with razors. You cant. You need to find the golden medium where you have the most efficient chopping without edge damage. I think you're selectively examining this without thinking about real life usage....by the way youre talking, we should all be carrying 1/64" thick bowies with zero ground edges, since cutting ability is based on thin edges and acute grinding....thats just not true.
 
Thats some exceptionally beautiful work on your gallery David. Very nice! I like to think I'm pretty good with steel. For the most part I am I guess. I tried to convex grind my own blades on a couple of occasions, but I wouldn't show them in public though. :D Thats why I find the statement by Cliff amusing at best I guess. It isn't as easy as it may look and one or two knives under your belt isn't enough to allow you a good enough perspective to make a bold statement like that that it is not all that hard or complex or that it doesn't require a higher level of skill to pull it off. IMO.

STR
 
Agreed. Nothing about knifemaking is "Hard" but doing any one piece of the equation masterfully is difficult....stringing them all together, all done masterfully, is what sets the MS-level guys apart from us new makers.

My 10 year old cousin could grind a convex blade, but i wouldnt want to submit is for judging, and it certainly wouldnt be an example of the level of difficult it takes to do it right.

I didnt want to come off like I was just agruing for argument's sake, but it was present as if it were an expert's view on the process, and as a maker, Im not even qualified to make that kind of broad statement, so its tough to swallow....

Im sure i'll get a multi-inline response quoting a lot of factoids, but i stand behind what I said. After all, anything is easy to do poorly....
 
Yes. I hesitated to comment myself because of the inevitable diatribe to follow. But I finally had to comment since ole Cliffy is a knifemaker now. :jerkit:

STR
 
TikTock said:
...what sets the MS-level guys apart from us new makers.

Opinels would likely not pass MS finish levels, those were the class of blades being discussed.

STR said:
Yeah I'm pretty sure he is talking about 'larger fixed blades' with those drawing examples.

No, in the parpagraph right before it there is no mention that this is something constrained to large fixed blades, it is presented as a general principle and is misleading simply because it compares a thin convex bevel to a thick v-ground edge and uses this to promote the idea that convex bevels in general cut better. What you have in effect fundamentally in the picture is the effect of a relief grind and you can do that with a flat bevel as noted by J.J. among others.

It sounds like you are confusing edges and grinds somewhat also Cliff.

No, the article covers both, and the same principles apply. You can sharpen a full convex blade on a straight stone for example, or a Sharpmaker and maintain the geometry. Or just use it to add a v-bevel as Fowler does and companies like Fallkniven who both run full convex blades.

A Mike Stewart Bark River knife for example is a true convex grind from the beginning to end. It isn't a hollow grind that has later been honed to reshape the primary bevel to a convex edge. It also isn't a convexed with flat sides which is no longer a 'true convex' when that is the case is it? I would call that a 'modified convex' or a 'modified flat grind' personally because it incorportates aspects of two different grinds.

There would be no way to tell if a convex grind was ever a flat grind, all bar stock is of course flat ground to start with anyway. As for the process, I have fully convex flat stock, I watched a friend of mine do a full convex grind with a file, Alvin has done it with a angle grinder (initial shaping he does finish it beyond that). Ask him which is easier, the full convex or a full hollow. I have examples of both from him and yes he describes both of them as fairly easy once you know the method, he encourages anyone to do it and even gives away prehardened blanks on a regular basis.

By the way it is generally believed that it does take skill to convex grind a blade or tool from scratch.

It takes skill to do anything, however the arguement was that it takes more skill, so much so it prevents it from being used. Is Dozier actually unable to do a convex grind, is Wilson, are those guys really showing a lack of skill by not using convex grinds?

TikTock said:
Convex allows you to create a more efficient geometry without overly thinning the stock.

So if you took a convex ground blade like an Opinel and then flat or hollow ground it, it would then uniformly cut worse? This isn't the case obviously - in general. As a trivial example, I can take a thick convex bit on an axe and rip off all the material and make it flat and it will cut much better. I can then hollow out the primary above the bit and it will cut better still. Several people have done this on axe heads and noted the results, it is really dramatic when the initial convex profile was very curved because it is a matter of cross section. Now the same general principles apply obviously to thinner blades. This however as noted doesn't mean they don't have any use, however the advantages are not as general and all inclusive as noted making the one grind directly superior.

TikTock said:
Again, I think you are way off here. Are you taking about convex edges or convex blades?

I have both, custom and production with varying bevels, some even run dual distinct convex grinds of different curvatures and others combine them with deep fullers, multiple even.

For a chopping blade, for example, if chopping ability was driven off the thinness of the blade, we'd all be chopping with razors.

For a chopping blade you need weight to give power and you need thickness to reduce binding, the latter is why soft and hardwood axes have dramatically different profiles. The durability limit on cross section is *way* below what is needed to prevent binding usually even on really cheap machetes. You can thin them to the point they have to be chopped out of woods and the edge will be stable. Convex grinds do have advantages in wedging, but full convex grinds are actually only used on soft wood cutting tools, hardwood felling axes actually have primary hollow grinds with a primary convex edge and a secondary v-ground flat bevel for durability. Some axes, the racing ones have more complicated geometries depending on the wood type and user preference, one of them are simple convex.

-Cliff
 
There would be no way to tell if a convex grind was ever a flat grind. The mild steel prototypes I made were never flat I just convexed them, how could you possibly tell

Yes there is if you are the one that did it.

STR
 
Back to the original question, how do you do it?, rather than what it buys you or how hard it is.

To remove a lot of material it is most efficient to use high pressure. You generally want a fairly uniform curvature to your convex surface and high pressure tends to make the curvature tighter for a more obtuse angle at the edge (the blade presses into your pad which wraps around the edge). The solution is to put a somewhat stiff material on top of your mouse pad. 26-28 guage sheet steel might work. If you glued this top layer to the pad and the sandpaper to the steel you could use agressive back and forth honing strokes.

One of the hastles of convex honing is the tendency to scratch the blade. If you work with the coarser grits I find it very hard to get rid of all of the scratches when you procede to the finer stages. One problem is that initially the paper grit is not as uniform as you would expect. There are some taller grits that gouge extra-deep into your surface. If you take some scrap metal and work it on your paper for awhile before you start honing in earnest you will knock down some of the worst high spots. Be sure to clean off your paper with a brush or something to avoid leaving other debris that will mar your blade.
 
Jeff Clark said:
One of the hastles of convex honing is the tendency to scratch the blade.

If this is a concern, tape the blade and just hone the edge. I asked R.J. Martin years back if he actually recommended that his users sharpen the full grinds on the chisel blades he made, he didn't. It takes way too much time and the surface then looks bad unless you basically satin finish a blade each time you hone it, which is pretty absurd outside of power equipment.

The parangs which are commonly sharpened this way (full bevel) are finished on the primary with the coarse silicon carbide stone and then just lightly abraded with the fine india side with the honing concentrated on the edge. The coarse side is mainly used to clean the primary, remove the rust and keep the shape stable.

On my flat ground blades, every now and again, when I sharpen them I do some work on the primary with a 200 silicon carbide stone. The profile is thus kept perfectly stable after years of sharpening. I don't finish the primary beyond that, it gets burnished smooth in use anyway, I even leave them with 100 aluminum oxide if I regrind them on the belt sander.

I don't see any point to a higher finish, you do any cutting on abrasive media and they take coarse scratches anyway. If I had a buffer I would use it, but it isn't something I would buy. I could just buy another knife instead.

-Cliff
 
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