To answer your initial question, the only way to tell the quality of a billet from an unknown source would be to grind a knife, heat treat it, then use it.
I'm avoiding suggesting cutting off a piece and then heat treating it because it's possible you could get a biscuit that hardens properly, indicating that the appropriate steels were used, but that doesn't necessarily mean that the entire billet was welded without any inclusions or delaminations.