Before people tell you to look under a microscope or anything, see what you can easily:
You can probably put it into one of a few groups if you take a file, or just a big hard hunk of something, to the edge lightly. Depending on how tough it is, it'll deform/grind down accordingly. Then resharpen it, this'll tell you stuff too. Finally use it for a while, edge retention should narrow it down some more.
How well (if at all) it rusts will also help.
Basically you've got your 1084/420J/Made in China group, your 1056/420HC/Damascus group, Your AUS6/8 "pretty darn good" group, and your extended supersteels group, with S30V, 154CM, ATS34, etc.
The lines blur a little and I could be a little off, but that oughta get you started anyway.
_z