Inexpensive and easy to get Tinders (in no particular order):
1. Steel wool (can be used both with battery and spark, doesn't create flame though, it really just keeps and enlarges the spark)
2. Cotten with a dab of Petrolium Jelly (water resistant, catches easily, burns long)
3. Jute Twine (catches easily, burns very quickly)
4. Fatwood (carry a stick and scrape off a bit. It is a bit harder to catch then the above. However, burns well and the fatwood is naturally water resistant)
5. Charcotten (the absolute easiest to catch a spark on, but only holds the spark, needs jute twine to actually create flames [not water resistant])
6. Paper Birch bark (tough to catch a spark on [needs to be shredded/powdered real fine] , but is water resistant and burns long) Shred it up into strips and use it after you get the cotten lit or maybe with the steel wool.
Also remember that their are plenty of good wild tinders. Collect things in your travels and try them out later. Who knows, you may find something that works better then anything we know of.
Dryer lint was mentioned and that works well and is basically free and plentifull. Though make sure it is the lint from cotten clothes, usually jean lint works well.
Ranger bands (made from rubber bycycle innertube cut down) burn long and well, but you need a flame to get one going. They also burn with thick black smoke (good if you are trying to attract attention in the day time)
Someone mentioned tampons. They are great as they hold a lot of cotten in a small space and come wrapped so it is water proof until unwrapped. Plus if you have a woman in your group is it great to have. However, some men don't like to carry them.
Someone also mentioned a candle. If it isn't too windy this is great to have. Light the candle and use that to light the fire without wasting a lot of your tinder.
For things to light the fire (in no particular order):
1. The military (Doan) magnesium bar or the other round magnesium/ferrocium rod combo's are a good one (Make sure to get a well made one as the bar is known to fall out of the magnesium part of cheaper brands, best to pop the bar out and epoxy it back in yourself). Sure, magnesium isn't the best tinder, but it is better then nothing and since it is attached you never lose it. It isn't designed to be used one handed, but it can be. (with a little help from your foot or a log) It creates a nice spark and can be cut down smaller if need be.
2. The BSA hotspark. Simple, cheap, works, fits anywhere, 'nuff said.
3. The Sparklite. Baically the same good points as the hotspark, but trades a bit of spark for the ability to be used one handed. I also don't think it has been made with a lanyard hole yet.
4. The permanent match. One of my favorites because it produces a zippo like flame and is waterproof and evaporation resistant. It can also be used one handed like the mag bar, and if something does happen to the fuel you still have a ferrocium rod. It also has a lanyard/keychain loop. (I've also lit it while holding the base in my teeth)
5. The blast match. Basically a one handed ferro-rod. I don't really like it because it is quite large (larger then I really think it needs to be) But, it does throw a lot of sparks and can be easily used one handed. Just make sure you get a newer one as the older ones were prone to the button part breaking.
6. Zippo. One handed, works well, can be used like a spark lite if the fuel evaporates. To help stop evaporation wrap the lighter around the split in the case with a ranger band. Keep a few spare flints under the refill pad in the bottom of the lighter part.
7. Bic lighter, has the good points of a Zippo without having to worry about fuel evaporation (unless the button is depressed, use a zip tie wrapped around the top of the lighter inbetween the lip at the top and bottom of the button to stop this) However, it doesn't work as well at high altitudes and in real cold. Also a bit more wind unfriendly then a Zippo.
8. Strike force. Basically a ferro-rod and striker combo. But it has a bit of space so you can put your own tinder in. Making it about the same as a mag-bar, but with a better tinder. Not a bad deal, though it is is pretty large.
9. Strike anywhere kitchen matches. Great for the strike anywhere feature. Waterproof with varnish or candle wax and keep in a good waterproof matchbox. Though I have been told when they are waterproofed with candle wax it weakens the head over time (don't know how long though because I rotate my supplies frequently).
10. Lifeboat matches. Needs the striker, but burns like a little flare.
Now, remember to check on your gear every 6months/year (like when you check your first aid supplies and food stuff) as ferro-rods corrode over time and matches go bad over time (especially if waterproofed or not waterproofed and exposed to moisture)
However, ALSO as an Eagle Scout we are taught (and I firmly believe in) BEING PREPARED!