Pantographs work off of templates. You can vary the ratios that you work with up to about 10 to 1. This means you can make your template ten times the size you want your finished part to be. This enables you to make a template with a bandsaw and mill a knife handle with the accuracy that you need to drop a piece of pearl in it with no visible gaps. This is done with the more expensive pantographs. The cheaper ones enable you to engrave letters and numbers in different sizes by just changing the ratio. Hope this helps. Maybe others can explain better than I did. The role of a pantograph has been replaced by CNC equipment these days.
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