I always refer to those mass produced low end short swords as hunting/bush swords. They were first issued to infantry soldiers as tools to clear brush, dig holes, and other long knife tasks. They could be used as last ditch fighting weapons if needed, but were not particularly well suited for that. When soldiers went home after the various wars between the mid 1800's and the 1920's, they took their sword home as a farm and field tool … basically a machete.
The style is called a M1864, meaning model 1864. Many were made with no handle embellishments and little blade markings. IIRC, in WWI they were cranked out by the tens of thousands, some being made plain and as cheap as possible. The handles were cast in place on the tang in aluminum.