With my woodworking tools I put them on a water stone as high as 8000 grit. I don’t think that is practical on a knife however the cutting edge is so shiny it reflex like a mirror.
What you are doing when you "polish" a edge is taking all the micro bumps out (mostly anyways). If you blade is truly sharp you will not have difficulty cutting synthetics.
Some metals will not get this sharp. I have not had good luck with 440a or b. I have great luck with 1095 and D2.
With my blades i sharpen up to a 1200 grit then often use a strop to polish.
This might be someone helpful:
http://www.hocktools.com/sharpen.htm
Ditto on 1200 and stropping.
In both my experience, and what I have read of the experience of others, a slightly rough edge can work a bit better for utility type tasks like cutting rope etc.
A mirror polished edge with glide through finer slicing tasks (food prep, etc.) a bit easier, and many claim a polished edge will hold the edge a bit longer.
I polish all my edges as per the quote above, and they cut everything I ever need them to cut.
IMO you may fiind a rougher edge will continue hacking through rope etc. a bit better than a polished edge after it dulls a bit.
Thinking on a microscopic level, a rough edge will grab and chew on a material, a polished edge will tend to slice and glide through a material.
You may find this an interesting read. The microscopic edge pics are at least interesting.
http://sharpeningtechniques.blogspot.com/
Looking at the very rough edge surfaces, you can see that particles would break away with use, thus supporting the claim that a rough edge will dull quicker. However, if it remains a microscopic rough, jagged, edge it will retain some ability to "saw" through a material, but would not perform as well for finer slicing duties where some finese is desired.
Kevin