1095 has about 0.95% Carbon, some manganese, and trace amounts of copper, and other goodies.
5160 has about 0.6% Carbon, 1% Chromium (I think; I'm stupid today), and trace amounts of other goodies.
Carbon V, dang, I forget, but think it has near 1% Carbon, some Chromium, and where's Mete when you need him?
Depending on their heat-treatment they can all be incredible steels with 1095 being anything from a bulletproof chopping steel to a brittle steel that puts scalpels to shame edgewise. 5160 can has less wear-resistance than 1095, so if used as a scalpel, you may need to resharpen it more; otherwise, it can be a bomb-proof chopping steel, nuke-proof chopping steel; or armageddon-resistant chopping steel*. I don't know jack about Carbon V/0170-06C/50100-B other than some folks have nigh-indestructable knives made with it and others have had easy-break knives made with it.
The bottom line is that all of those steels make great hard use knives which will get even better when coupled with your will and skill.
*= If you can find a swordmaker with saltpot heat-treating equipment with a modicum of spare time (good luck with that), he or she can take your standard, already nuke-proof 5160 RD and give it a mixed martensite/bainite heat treatment which will make the knife much tougher but ever so slightly tougher. The way Justin heat treats 5160, such a heat-treatment is overkill and unnecessary for even the most destructive tasks, but everyone likes a little overkill now and then. Seriously, though, my 5160 RD-9 is now tougher than even before, but it's of no practical benefit unless Mecha Godzilla attacks New England.