Much depends on the final hardness of the steels. A RC 60-61 S30V will have more wear resistance than the CPM 154/154cm at any hardness. Likewise, a RC 61-62 CPM 154 ( you will only see this hardness in customs in CPM 154, and not at all in 154cm) will out wear a RC 58-59 S30V blade.
If they are both equal the higher carbide percentage, and harder vanadium carbides in S30V will out wear S30V.
They are both pretty tough for the high wear stainless class, but this in no way compares to the carbon/alloy tool steel or high speed steel classes.
S30V will not finish as fine, or as pretty as CPM 154 will. If you are a maker, you will probably not go through as many belts and abrasives making 154cm/CPM 154 knives, and can make a better looking steel finish than S30V takes. ( note D2 has that same trouble. You can only do so much with it)
As users they are both excellent steels, and more or less in the same class, though as stated S30V can slightly out perform 154cm if heat treated to the same hardnesses. To be honest I don't really have a preference between CPM 154 and S30V. I do prefer either to the non powder steel classic 154cm.