There are all kinds of ways to sharpen knives. Just do a search in the general forum on sharpening and you will find boatloads of stuff.
I really like to use bench stones and sharpen free hand, and for stones I only like to use oil stones. Water stones are soft and require lots of maintnance, oil stones are hard and only need to be kept clean, and oiled properly while in use. They will stay flat for a long time. Diamond stones are allright. I know lots of guys that use them, I don't think they have a consistent enough pattern to get the kind of edge I want very easily. And the fact that the diamonds eventually wear off of them because the bonding agent isn't as hard or strong as the backing plate and the diamonds is annoying too.
If I were you I would get a set of arkansas stones. Around 2" wide is good. And anything above 6" long is hard to beat, although shorter will work. You'll want to get a soft arkansas to use as a medium grit stone to take out the scratches or knicks, and to rebevel the blade. And then a hard arkansas to polish it more. You can put a good edge on a knife with a hard arkansas. But if you want to get a wicked edge, you'll need to go one step finer. For that I would reccommend either a surgical black arkansas or a fine, or ultrafine ceramic stone. The ceramic stones don't wear out, and don't use oil or water. you jus clean them with scouring powder when they get clogged. And they wil put a very sharp edge on a knife. The surgical black arkansas will do what its name imlies, put a surgically sharp edge on a knife. They're pricey, but very hard and smooth stones that will give you good results for a long time. I'd say its a toss up between the two on which to get. I have a ceramic stone right now because I found it before I could find a black arkansas stone. I'd say go with whatever has a better price when you find it.
Go to
www.woodcraft.com and check out their sharpening supplies. I just bought the tri hone they have because it was on sale. I got the one that has a wooden base, not the oil bath model. It would be a good starter set, but you should know when they say it has a coarse medium and fine stone, it really means that it has a very coarse stone that you won't use much, and then the other two aren't to bad. The medium is a little rougher than I would have liked, but it works , and the fine is fine enough to follow it up with a ceramic stone without it being to much work.
Oh yeah, just to warn you.The label on mine is wrong, they have the fine stone labeled as medium and the medium stone labeled as fine. If you get one you'll just have to go by how the stone feels. Its not hard to tell.
good luck.
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It'll feel better when it stops hurting.