I experiment with and use all sorts of tools for sharpening, but all are basically freehand on bench stone. For speed and convenience I use sandpaper and some compound on a Washboard just like the videos etc shown in the website linked below. After that, I often use a Crystalon silicon carbide stone with reclaimed grit on paper over Washboard for a honing compound.
I also very much enjoy using my set of jointering stones, especially for touch-ups. I had set these aside for a year or so and have recently picked them back up - a bit challenging to use at first, but produce what for me is near perfect edge character. I prefer an edge with a lot of bite to it at whatever finish I am using for a given tool, and a backhoned edge on a very hard strop or soft stone hits it perfect. With the jointering stones I will sometimes use the reclaimed grit on a Washboard with paper, or sometimes just a few passes on plain paper after I've done my finish backhoning.
As for what edge finish I use, that could be as low as 240 grit for my paring knives, up a 1-3 micron edge, 4-6k JIS for pressure cutting and chopping. I seldom deliberately go any finer.
Generally I hit in the middle of that range, 500-800, 1200-2k JIS for utility EDU stuff, so am not far off of the edge you've been working with lately. If the edge needs repair I try not to start any more coarse than the coarse side of the Crystalon, 240 jointer stone, or 220 wet/dry and work up to the desired finish.
Martin