Some "primitive" tools

Cliff Stamp

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The weekend, using a few knives, (Rucksack [SAK],Black Jack Small, Model 10, Camp Tramp, Wildlife hatchet), a variety of primitive weapons were made and experimented with. This was mainly to get a feel for the knives over the range of work needed and to see just how user friendly the weapons would be, how much skill and experience did they take to use well.

Stone knife :

These were made just by gathering some rocks and hitting them off of larger rocks. A number of sharp edges were formed easily able to slice light vegetation and man made ropes. Some attempts were made to form an axe hit by knapping, but none of the rocks were easily worked.

Weighted Club

This is just a stick with a rock attached to the top, it can be an axe if you can shape or find a suitable rock. The wood was split, the rock inserted, and rope was used to keep the wood from splitting further and to secure the rock. You want a rock that is thinner on one side than the other to help keep it secure. If a "Y" shaped stick can be found very little cutting needs to be done to make this tool, outside of some notching for the cordage. If the rock is easily shaped, notched can be cut into it as well to aid in security.

Several sticks were cut to make these, and split so some knives were much more efficient than others. The Wildlife hatchet and Camp Tramp excelled at the chopping, the hatchet was a bit to vigorous of a splitter and care needed to be taken not to split the sticks too much. Using the Camp Tramp with a baton was more efficient, and the thick point also served well prying the split open to get the rock securely in. The Model 10 didn't have the tip geometry for this, the SAK is too slim and the Black jack too short, though more useful than the previous two.

Once made the club was simple to use as a hammer, no surprise. It also threw very easily, no difficulty in knocking down some targets from 10 to 15 feet. I had done a lot of knife throwing like this however (no revolutions), so it was very familiar, however the movements are very simple, and the club will hit very hard when thrown with decent force.

Sling or Rope Club

This uses a piece of rope to tie the rock to a stick making a mace giving more reach and power. The length of rope used should not be greater than the stick as otherwise rebounds can hit the user. The rebound due to the rope also makes it a lot easier on the wrist than the simple weighted club. There is however a large downside compared to the simple club in that it does not throw nearly as well unless you can induce a kind of bolo action. Not a lot of knife use to make this one, just some notching for the rope.


Bolo :

Three pieces of rope were secured to rocks (the best shape is that of a dumbbell or hourglass) and then tied together to make a bolo. The longer the ropes used the easier it is to score a hit on a throw and the harder the rocks will hit and the more likely they are to tangle. A few sticks were used as targets. However when the ropes become too long it becomes very difficult to thrown them well and avoid clouting yourself in the head.

This required a decent amount of time to get it to work well. The cord used was separated multi-braid, not a great idea as it tended to want to twist back together. Regardless, it was much more difficult to get the bolo to fly in the desired direction than the weighted club due to the much more complicated throw. As well the rocks also needed to splay out properly to insure an actual bolo action other wise you might as well be throwing a rock on a rope.

Two rocks were also used, the downside here is that the area covered in flight is vastly reduced as essentially it is just a straight line. This is vastly less efficient than a bolo and requires much more skill to entangle. A single rock was also used, this gave much more power than just throwing the rock in hand, but was vastly harder to control and throw with precision.

Rabbit sticks :

These are v-shaped sticks used to hunt small game. A few sizes were made, from a few inches to a few feet in arm size, the larger ones were made more for entertainment. The small ones were very easy to throw accurately and with great force using a snap of the wrist. Compared to a straight stick, the rabbit sticks are easier to throw due to the balance point being closer to the hand, and yet can still benefit from a snap and will rotate very quickly when thrown. The larger ones were easily thrown 60-80 feet and delivered high impacts when hit. They however were slow due to their size and could be readily heard in flight, they also tended to have some lift.

Here the bigger chopping blades came in handy in cutting the sticks, the saw on the Rucksack was very functional as well. The more precise cutting blades were the most useful in trimming down the top and bottom of the sticks to ensure a more powerful and straighter flight. The front and back of the sticks can also be somewhat pointed to insure a harder hit.

-Cliff
 
Interesting post!

There are countless "primitive weapons" one can make. As an anthropologist, I had the luck to study and use many of these. Many are incredibly efficient.

Here are two of my favorites:

Spear accelerator:
It's basically an extension of your arm that will let you throw a spear with incredible power. It's pretty easy to make too. All you need is a straight stick that is about a third of the length of your spear, with a concave bump at one end. Almost like an L shaped spoon. When throwing, you hold the spear and accelerator parallel, with the propulsor tip behind the spear. While throwing, you use the accelerator as a second forearm, adding A LOT of energy to the throw. It's a bit tricky at first but once you get it, it has incredible power. No problem for killing large game like caribous, bears...

Alligator spear:
Great for fishing salmon in rivers (especially at night, attracting them with light... glow sticks are great for that purpose). Simple: you split open a long stick (choose the most flexible ones) over about a foot. You place a small, dry stick between the two "jaws" of the spear to keep them open. You can use nails or anything alike to simulate some "tooth". You smash the little dry stick over the back of the fish, and the jaws close and hold the fish much more efficiently than just a point, which let many survival dinners escape...

Best regards,

David
 
Originally posted by Moine
Spear accelerator:
It's basically an extension of your arm that will let you throw a spear with incredible power.
I'm not sure of the spelling, but I believe that is also called an atlatl.
 
I keep meaning to try out the spear thrower, how difficult is that to use. The fishing stick sounds interesting, that should be really easy to make an experiment with. None of the local fish get large enough to make that useful, however it might be an interesting way to catch other small game.

-Cliff
 
I'll be glad to read your comments on that one.

For the spear thrower, some find it more practical to give it a slight "S" shape. That reduces power but enhances accuracy a bit. The brutes (like me) like to give it an "U" shape, for more power.

Besides, the longer the thrower, the more power you get (but as a physicist, you probably are already fully aware of that ;^).

Best regards,

David
 
I'm really getting into this "primitive" thing!

I'm trying to assemble a "primitive" collection of survival tools that I can outfit myself with to practice survival. Of course it's not too primitive because of the steels in the knives and the grinds that primitive people simply didn't have the technology for.

Here's what I got so far-

Tai Goo Firesteel
Tai Goo #8
A blacksmith herbs knife by Jamie Boley
Some strips of raw leather

I hope to make the rest of what I need in the field.

Man I can't wait to get a digital camera... I know it's not exactly primitive....... oh never mind

maybe I'll wear my dad's golf pants :barf:
 
I intended to make a spear thrower this weekend but got distracted making some rock throwers. These are fairly difficult to make out of just wood as you need to cut a hole in a piece of wood to make a seat for the rock. If you only have a plain knife then you need to get a large piece of wood and dig with the tip, so the tip needs to be decently sturdy. Once the small bowel has been made you cut the excess wood away (you don't do this first to prevent the wood from splitting during the digging).

Using it is very easy, just place a rock in the hollow, rest the stick on the shoulder and then bring the arm down fast with a lot of wrist snap. With just a short thrower it was trivial to fling smll rocks (quarter sized) 50+ feet. Using a longer two handed model, the same size rocks could be flung 80+ feet with ease. Fatigue was a lot less than without the thrower as well. Of course accuracy is a lot less than by hand, just due to being familiar with that method.

The few bowels shaped were easily done with a small chisel, I used the large flat screwdriver on my Rucksack which had been so filed previously. The steel works easily, it will burr badly upon filing. But the entire process right through to final sharpening takes only a few minutes. With the chisel it then becomes very easy to make such hollows which works not only for throwers but for spoons and small bowls. The hollows can also be made by burning, but this takes a lot longer.

Note you can also use fabric to make a pouch at the end of the stick to hold the rock, if you were really serious you could weave a small section out of some vegetation. Some very flexible woods could also be used to build up a small-cage, attachment would be tricky without a glue or nails, but some natural cordage would be possible.

It is also possible to drill the hole with the tip of the knife, which is somewhat less demanding than digging - but this takes *MUCH* longer, as does other methods like scraping.

-Cliff
 
Originally posted by tarsier
I'm not sure of the spelling, but I believe that is also called an atlatl.

thats what its called... i made one once, i never killed anything but it was pretty accurate... and went far and fast... takes a bit of practice
 
Has anyone heard of a "slingshot bow"? It's supposedly an Asian bow (perhaps Thailand?), but I can't remember exactly where. I saw it in a backissue of "Primitive Archer", but can't locate it right now.

Iirc, it has the traditional bow shape, however, it is configured to shot stones, and only stones. A lot of work, especially compared to Cliff's hand-held stone thrower, which would be easier to operate and maybe more accurate.

Fwiw...
 
Dont forget to try making a boomerang!... they make an awesome edged club , as well as a throwing device.

Australian Aborigines also used a spwear thrower, called a "woomera"
...it makes a huge difference to mid to long range power and accuracy
 
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