Any abrasive stropping or honing on a knife's edge will generally keep rust at bay, just due to the frequent cleaning effect it'll have on the steel at the edge. Edges that are well-maintained will always stay 'clean' of rust or other contamination, no matter how coarse or polished they might be. Polishing the blade, as a whole, could help resist rust, but even that usually isn't necessary to prevent it. Just keeping the blade clean & dry after use will do 95% of it, and a little bit of oil will do the rest.
Even if listed at a finer grit than green, if the 'white' compound is aluminum oxide, it'll still work more aggressively to a quicker polish. It's considerably harder than the chromium oxide 'green' compound, which is why it can bring about a fuller & faster polish than the green, even at smaller grit size. The 'black' compound will be very aggressive at cleaning the edge of heavy burrs, but is also usually prone to overpolishing or removing too much of the teeth, if used too far. It could be useful for quickly cleaning up very coarse, low-grit edges, used with a minimum of passes.
All of the above compounds will work more effectively on a firmer strop, like hard-backed fabric (denim, linen) over hardwood or if used on wood alone, like balsa, basswood and others. Leather strops can work well on simpler steels, mainly for cleaning up burrs; but they generally won't polish as fast, nor leave as clean & crisp an edge as a harder-backed strop. If you're looking for a faster & higher polish on your edges, in a manner that also protects or enhances the crispness of the apex, that's the direction I'd take.
David