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A tanto is a knife below one shaku in blade length (a shaku is 10 sun = approx. 12" or 30cm). Generally, a tanto has an edge length around 7-8".
A wakizashi is one to two shaku, and a katana is two to three shaku. Most of the time, these three blades are on the lower side of the length range. A 10-12" tanto would be very long.
Most people make a tanto that is not at all authentic and traditional. The "American Tanto" with the sharp angles and 45° tip is not what a tanto looks like. A tanto looks closer to a fillet knife. The tip curves back and the blade has a slight curve to the belly. Sometimes the tip curves back gracefully, and other times it is more blunt.
The blade width is usually between .75 and 1". They are not very thick. 1/8" to 3/16" is plenty.
I put more info in this thread:
http://www.bladeforums.com/forums/showthread.php/1341446-First-tanto
