in terms of steel, how do vulcans stack up in the true temper hierarchy?
The catalog shows the Vulcan (along with Kelly Perfect, Registered, Black Raven, etc.) to be "
Forged High Grade Steel". There are some other brands that are instead listed (on page 139) as "Intermediate Grade" (including Woodslasher, Champion, Falls City, Duquesne, Blair's Victor). Yet, at the bottom of that page, it says that the steel used for the "Intermediate Grade" is also "
high grade steel". But the handles on some intermediate grade axes are listed as No. 2.
Some of the hatchets are listed with "
crucible steel" or "
chrome vanadium steel".
The lowest grade seems to be what's called "Special Low Price Axes" (on page 172), which have "
reliable steel". These brands include "Union Tool Co.", "Demon", and "Jim Dandy".