Video comments

Joined
Oct 11, 2000
Messages
372
Let me say at the outset that I have only the highest appreciation and admiration for the efforts of the producers of this video "Gurkha Steel", and that all and any comments I make here which might appear to be less than flattering is to be seen as attempts to highlight new questions on aspects which might not have come across very clearly in the video due to lack of opportunity and time. The video is very definitely a boon to all khukuri collectors and enthusiasts and is a must to obtain and study.

I have numbered my comments for easy reference and additional comments by forumites. It is hoped this topic will encourage many forumites to add their own thoughts for the benefit of all.

1 "Lalit owns two khukuri retail stores in Kathmandu." I believe one of these is Khukuri House, but which is the other?

2 "He supplies GH with their inventory." Interesting to know he also supplies "Roof of the World" in Johannesburg, South Africa.

3 "TB supervises over 200 men..." One wonders how many of these are master bishwakarmas, how many assistants etc? Lets assume there are only five masters. Would it not stimulate sales if the khukuris crafted by these masters could have their initials on them? Collector would say: "I have a cheetlang by this or that master bishwakarma of Nepal, obtained through GH." I for one would really love to know who made my cheetlang or any of my other GH items.

4 "Together they supply khukuris to the British Gurkha Regiments..." One wonders if there are also OTHER contractors (in Nepal or India) who do the same.

5 The cho is hammered into the blade with a special punch. This means a specific punch will give an identical cho every time. If the facility has, say, five punches in total, and if each punch is recognisably different from the other, one would be able to identify khuks by punch mark while the punches must last a considerable time.

6 Inlays with brass are put in before tempering. I assume this means special care must be taken that the heating associated with tempering does not melt the soft brass inlay.

7 Differential tempering is obtained by very judiciously quenching the edge with cold water. So the process called "drawing" is not practiced.

8 I am wondering how the edges of the brass bolsters and buttcap are brought together after shaping. I would have though they needed to silver solder them. I saw no indication of this. Can it be done without solder?

9 It was interesting to see the assistant using a khukuri to rough out the shape of the handle from the buffalo horn. Khukuris were also used to help obtain the shape of the polishing wheel while still soft.

10 I always thought the idea of the peened tang point was primarilly to hold the handle to the tang. I see from the video that it is the laha that actually secures the handle to the tang. The peened tang tip only HELPS in this (plays a secondary role).

11 It's marvelous to see an assistant grasping the khukuri by its handle with a tool having rounded claw-like jaws, before filing the forged steel. He does not use his hands for this. He wraps his one leg over the other with the tool handles in between them, to allow the jaws to firmly grip the khuk handle so that he can file the blade. I think this technique needs to be fully appreciated.

12 It was very refreshing to see the good humour amongst the "actors" during the takes. I think the "actors" were alternatively shy, inhibited and at the same time amused and excited by their roles in the video program.

13 Not shown were the actual putting (glueing) together of the two halves of the wooden sheath slabs, the final cleaning up of the stitched leather, and the crafting of the karda and chakmak.

14 TB attempts to cut into one khukuri blade (edge and spine area) with the cutting edge of another. I assume nicks will be caused by this testing process, which will have to be polished out by the kami AFTER TB has put his initials on the buttcap. In fact, I assume final cleaning up of the khuks still have to be done before they are ready to be marketed. For instance, the horn handles appear to be grey, not black, indicating they are still relatively in the rough.

15 The initials in Nepalese script which appears on GH blades need to be stamped in before tempering, so I suppose the master does this at the same time as engraving. There must be special punches for this. (Speaking of punches and the like, I would REALLY like to see serial numbers on high-quality original khukuris! Let the tourist khuks go unpunched!)

16 "I found khukuris from Nepal that gave my country a bad name." I wondered if these khukuris lacked proper finishing, or maybe TB is referring to blades with bad tempering, or both.

17 It was a masterful idea to use the villager at the close of the video! He is shown wearing a khukuri in the front of his belt. I suppose that's tradition to wear it there. I wondered what that khuk looks like up close. Where did he procure it, who made it? How good is it? Is it one of TB's? The villager seems to be using a chakmak held vertically, and striking downwards upon a flint to make sparks for the tinder. But I can't make it out clearly.

18 My heartiest congratulations, and thanks on behalf of all enthisiasts, Craig!
 
Hey, I must've just flipped on the GH Discovery Channel! I kinda thought you'd get into this video, Johan. Boy, where to start?...no matter. You know, bud, Craig's working on the SEQUEL, don't you? The chakma and karda are in it, and lots of other stuff, so some of your questions may be addressed there later. But then again, we just might have even more questions! Regardless, there is no source that gives us the wealth of khukuri info that this does! Even the best still photos and descriptions just can't compare to the real action.

Okay, I'll go after #8. I don't think with the way the kamis work the brass that it needs to be silver soldered. It may not actually be completely welded by heating and hammering out into shape, but it's more than sufficient. Some of my khukuris have this seam barely visible. Also, the time span of a task on the video can't be even close to real-time. I think we need to keep in perspective that it takes 4 guys a day to make just one khukuri.

#10: It's hard to say how much holding is done by the laha and tang peening. Something that almost screamed at me when getting the 25" AK Panawal handle back together was that there is great strength in the geometry of the diamond washer (fulo) when the tang is peened over it. I had used an industrial glue on the buttcap (chhapri) and after clamping and drying for a day the tapping of the tang exerted so much pressure on the chhapri that it squeezed out more glue and snugged it down so unbelieveably tight that the brass to wood joint is as close as I could've ever hoped -- and I'm REALLY picky!!

Johan, you've given me so much to chew on that I'm gonna do some digesting and then have another go later. One more thing: Ya just can't pull another one of those deals like ya did in the steel research thread (btw, outstanding work!) by saying you'll hold your response until you get a bunch of replies. No fair, big boy! If you're gonna do a monster thread like this, then I fully expect you to be front and center for every reply that calls for it!!!

Meanwhile, I hope some other forumites work you over a bit while I'm gone....Dan
wink.gif


[This message has been edited by Lt. Dan (edited 04-26-2001).]
 
Lt. Dan, I respond most willingly and immediately and proclaim you to be one of the staunch supporters of the goings-on of Gurkha House bladeforum. Way to go, buddy.
 
1 "Lalit owns two khukuri retail stores in Kathmandu." I believe one of these is Khukuri House, but which is the other?

THE OTHER ONE IS ALSO KHUKURI HOUSE - HE HAS TWO LOCATIONS - ONE IN JAWALAKLEL AND THE OTHER IN THAMEL (BOTH AREAS OF KATHMANDU). THE THAMEL SHOP CATERS TO TOURISTS, AND THE JAWALAKLEL SHOP KATERS MOSTLY TO NATIVES (THE SAME PRODUCTS ARE SOLD AT BOTH SHOPS!).

2 "He supplies GH with their inventory." Interesting to know he also supplies "Roof of the World" in Johannesburg, South Africa.

THIS IS TRUE.

3 "TB supervises over 200 men..." One wonders how many of these are master bishwakarmas, how many assistants etc? Lets assume there are only five masters. Would it not stimulate sales if the khukuris crafted by these masters could have their initials on them? Collector would say: "I have a cheetlang by this or that master bishwakarma of Nepal, obtained through GH." I for one would really love to know who made my cheetlang or any of my other GH items.

ABOUT ONE IN FOUR OF THE WORKERS IS A FULL FLEDGED KNIFE MAKER (THE GUY IN CHARGE, SO TO SPEAK). THE OTHERS ARE HIS ASSISTANTS (THEY TURN THE WHEEL, WIELD THE HAMMERS, ETC). THE MAN IN THE PURPLE SHIRT IS AN EXAMPLE OF ONE OF THE "CHIEF" BISHWAKARMAS IN A TEAM. THE OTHER GUYS HELP HIM, AND LEARN THE TRADE IN THE PROCESS.

4 "Together they supply khukuris to the British Gurkha Regiments..." One wonders if there are also OTHER contractors (in Nepal or India) who do the same.

NO, THERE ARE NOT. LALIT HAS THE CONTRACT.

5 The cho is hammered into the blade with a special punch. This means a specific punch will give an identical cho every time. If the facility has, say, five punches in total, and if each punch is recognisably different from the other, one would be able to identify khuks by punch mark while the punches must last a considerable time.

NOT REALLY. IF YOU LOOK AT THE VIDEO, IT TAKES SEVERAL STRIKES TO ACHIEVE A CHO. I'D SAY THAT DEPENDING ON THE STEEL, AND ON THE NUMBER OF STRIKES, YOU'LL GET A DIFFERENT CHO WITH EVERY KHUKURI. YES, THERE'LL BE SOME SIMILARITIES WITH CHOS COMING FROM THE SAME TOOL, BUT I DOUBT IF YOU COULD RELIABLY IDENTIFY THEM.

6 Inlays with brass are put in before tempering. I assume this means special care must be taken that the heating associated with tempering does not melt the soft brass inlay.

I GUESS THIS IS TRUE. HOWEVER, REMEMBER THAT MOST OF THE HEAVY DUTY TEMPERING OCCURS ON THE EDGE AND CENTER OF THE BLADE, NOT THE SPINE (ALTHOUGH BY THE VIDEO YOU CAN SEE THAT THE SPINE IS HARDENED.

7 Differential tempering is obtained by very judiciously quenching the edge with cold water. So the process called "drawing" is not practiced.

YOU GOT ME STUMPED ON THIS ONE. I DO KNOW THAT DRAWING IS A BLADE MAKING PROCESS, BUT I DON'T KNOW WHAT IT ENTAILS.

8 I am wondering how the edges of the brass bolsters and buttcap are brought together after shaping. I would have though they needed to silver solder them. I saw no indication of this. Can it be done without solder?

I THINK THEY'RE HAMMERED TO FINAL SHAPE, AND THEN THE LAHA HOLDS THEM TIGHT. THAT'S CORRECT IF MY MEMORY SERVES ME.

9 It was interesting to see the assistant using a khukuri to rough out the shape of the handle from the buffalo horn. Khukuris were also used to help obtain the shape of the polishing wheel while still soft.

IT WAS INTERESTING TO SEE THEM USING THEIR OWN PRODUCT!

10 I always thought the idea of the peened tang point was primarilly to hold the handle to the tang. I see from the video that it is the laha that actually secures the handle to the tang. The peened tang tip only HELPS in this (plays a secondary role).

NOT SURE WHICH IS PRIMARY AND WHICH IS SECONDARY, BUT ONE OF THE REASONS THAT THE HANDLES STAY INTACT, EVEN IF CRACKED, IS BECAUSE OF THIS DUAL TECHNIQUE OF SECURING THE HANDLE.

11 It's marvelous to see an assistant grasping the khukuri by its handle with a tool having rounded claw-like jaws, before filing the forged steel. He does not use his hands for this. He wraps his one leg over the other with the tool handles in between them, to allow the jaws to firmly grip the khuk handle so that he can file the blade. I think this technique needs to be fully appreciated.

12 It was very refreshing to see the good humour amongst the "actors" during the takes. I think the "actors" were alternatively shy, inhibited and at the same time amused and excited by their roles in the video program.

THEY WERE ALL REALLY EXCITED TO SHARE THEIR STORY WITH YOU. THEY ALL KNOW ABOUT THE FORUM NOW AND WHO IT IS WHO BUYS THEIR PRODUCTS. THEY ARE AMAZED AT HOW MUCH THEIR KHUKURIS SELL FOR OVER HERE, BUT EQUALLY AMAZED AT HOW MUCH IT COSTS TO BUY A MEAL!

13 Not shown were the actual putting (glueing) together of the two halves of the wooden sheath slabs, the final cleaning up of the stitched leather, and the crafting of the karda and chakmak.

THE CHAKMAK/KARDA WILL BE IN THE SEQUEL. THE WOOD HALVES ARE ACTUALLY NOT GLUED AT ALL - THEY'RE HELD TOGETHER ENTIRELY BY THE LEATHER. THIS GIVES SOME FLEXIBILITY IN THE SHEATH.

14 TB attempts to cut into one khukuri blade (edge and spine area) with the cutting edge of another. I assume nicks will be caused by this testing process, which will have to be polished out by the kami AFTER TB has put his initials on the buttcap. In fact, I assume final cleaning up of the khuks still have to be done before they are ready to be marketed. For instance, the horn handles appear to be grey, not black, indicating they are still relatively in the rough.

THIS IS TRUE. SINCE THE FINAL POLISH FOR KHUKURIS SOLD TO THE EXPORT MARKET IS ACCOMPLISHED USING A BUFFING WHEEL (THE ONLY MACHINE USED IN THE ENTIRE PROCESS), TB KEEPS HIS BUFFING WHEEL CENTRALLY LOCATED AT THE SHOP BEHIND HIS HOUSE. SO A KAMI DOESN'T POLISH HIS OWN KHUKURIS, BUT LEAVES IT TO A TEAM OF POLISHERS, WHO USE A COTTON CLOTH WHEEL AND RED ROUGE. IF YOU NOTICE ALSO, THE SHEATHS ARE CENTRALLY MADE AS WELL - THE KAMI, IF HE DOESN'T WORK IN TB'S CENTRAL FACILITY (BEHIND HIS HOUSE), NEVER SEES THE FINISHED PRODUCT, BUT ONLY HIS KHUKURI.

15 The initials in Nepalese script which appears on GH blades need to be stamped in before tempering, so I suppose the master does this at the same time as engraving. There must be special punches for this. (Speaking of punches and the like, I would REALLY like to see serial numbers on high-quality original khukuris! Let the tourist khuks go unpunched!)

THE PUNCHES ARE ACTUALLY ACCOMPLISHED AFTER TEMPERING. IF YOU'VE EVER WORKED WITH PUNCHES, YOU'LL KNOW THAT A GOOD BLOW WITH A HAMMER CAN IMPACT EVEN THE HARDEST STEEL. ENGRAVING IS ALSO, INCIDENTALLY, DONE AFTER THE TEMPERING (USING THE SAME METHOD OF HAMMER AND CHISEL).

16 "I found khukuris from Nepal that gave my country a bad name." I wondered if these khukuris lacked proper finishing, or maybe TB is referring to blades with bad tempering, or both.

PROBABLY BOTH.

17 It was a masterful idea to use the villager at the close of the video! He is shown wearing a khukuri in the front of his belt. I suppose that's tradition to wear it there. I wondered what that khuk looks like up close. Where did he procure it, who made it? How good is it? Is it one of TB's? The villager seems to be using a chakmak held vertically, and striking downwards upon a flint to make sparks for the tinder. But I can't make it out clearly.

THAT VILLAGER IS ACTUALLY QUITE AN ACCOMPLISHED KAMI IN HIS OWN RIGHT - SORT OF ONE OF THE "TOP FIVE" - HE ACTS IN A SUPERVISORY ROLE NOW, AND WAS VERY KEY IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE VIDEO. HE IS ALSO THE RELIGIOUS MAN OF THE GROUP, AND PRESIDED OVER THE PUJA DONE THE NEXT DAY.

18 My heartiest congratulations, and thanks on behalf of all enthisiasts, Craig!

THE SEQUAL IS SLOW GOING, BUT WE HOPE TO HAVE IT DONE SOMEDAY BEFORE I HAVE GRANDKIDS!


------------------
Craig Gottlieb
Gurkha House
Blade Forums Sponsor
 
OK, Johan, I'll bite on #11. Those guys really have found the most ingenious ways to hold the steel, haven't they? Here most people would insist on having a vise and other clamps, but the kamis can perform every task with minimal tools. Perhaps some of it is from the necessity of having to do as much as they can with so few resources.

It appears they make as many of their own tools as they can. Take the grinding wheel made with laha and a specific kind of sand as an example. If they always could've had access to our western tools, would they use files and wet-or-dry abrasive paper instead? Very intriguing how they've devised crafting techniques and khukuri design to utlize what they've got on hand. They've come up with an incredible process to make this superb tool/knife.

To me, this is an example of intelligence having very little to do with technology. The more I understand of the how's and why's of the khukuri, I find there isn't much room for improvement, very much like the violin.

Craig, I appreciate your taking the time to respond so thoroughly to Johan's post. There's a lot of extra stuff that I've learned from it.

If I did what the kamis do for a living, I wouldn't even get started without a decent sitting stool. No kidding, how many westerners can squat like that?!

[This message has been edited by Lt. Dan (edited 04-30-2001).]
 
Can I take a shot at #10.
It seems to me (and I am no expert) that the peening of the tang end would primarily resist the tendancy of the blade to fly off the handle whilst being swung (ie the way a loose axe or hammer head can), the laha would be effective in resisting the tendancy of the handle to twist axially when the blade is driven into something hard. I know, from medieval reenactment that I do, that no matter how well fitted a wooden handle is to a square section tang after repeated strikes it will eventually begin to rotate and work loose. I'm sure that this effect will be more pronounced due to the curve of the kukri blade. My own cure on medieval swords (repro) is to pack the hole for the tang with 2part epoxy resin (what is laha made from anyway - i suspect resin of some sort).
I would think that both attachment methods peening and laha would contribute to the security and logevity of the knife in equal part.
 
You've got some sound reasoning here, Nick. Could it be the glue stops both the tang vibrations and torque that eventually loosen the handle? Your idea is an explanation I've never quite considered. The 2 methods are different and yet effective in working together. Thanks!....Dan
 
Lt. Dan, you, Nick and Craig are tops on this thread! What a lot of new things are to be picked up here. You talk about the few tools (home-made) that the kamis have to do their fine work with. This brings me to the thought of what the result would be if someone would "assist" the kamis by providing them with power tools all the way. The master kami gets a new forge with power-assisted hammer. The polisher gets his motor-driven tools with the best polishing wheels. The assistents get their power grinders and belt sanders. Everything that can be power driven gets to be just that. Include cryo-hardening, and a bench or two where khuks can be made by the stock-removal method. So now you can buy a sharper, neater top class khuk and the kamis feel proud of becoming part of the new technology. Moreover, when you want to customise a knife or have it made to your specifications (no matter what), the tools and men are there to do just that. In double-quick time.

In this hypothetical scenario, would the khukuris we are so enthusiastic about, not lose a hell of a lot of personality? That's why I am so glad I could see, by way of the video, exactly where my khukuris came from. I appreciate my khuks for what they are. I can still wax lyrical about them. The video is helping me do just that.
 
Craig, on your comments pertaining to my point # 7, the following:

"Drawing" is performed after hardening to draw back the hardness of the steel into a tougher, less brittle form. Some folks call it "tempering". Experienced knifemakers use color as a guideline (TB also mentioned his use of color). Knifemakers go for an even light straw color and then let it cool in still air. They repeat the process until they get a very even bronze color in the edge. Then they bury the blade with the bronze coloured edge area in cool, fine sand with the rest of the blade exposed. Now comes an especially interesting part: some knifemakers use tongs brought up to an orange heat to grab the back or spine of the blade to transfer the heat into it and to further draw the hardness out of these selected areas for greater strength. They go over the entire back and spine area of the blade until they get an even solid blue color there.

So, in this way they end up with a blade with a dark blue spine going into a dusty gray in the tang with a bronze edge. This gives the blade a stiff, flexible spine and a hard sharp edge that is still possible to sharpen in the field.

Now we know the kamis differentially harden their blades.

Of course, the question is (and this is important to find out) does it necessarily detract from the quality of the kami's work if they do not practice drawing like other knifemakers? Or to put it differently, is drawing (tempering) still an issue when the blade is differentially hardened like the kamis do it? I implore the guys out there who are in the know, to help me figure this one out, please!
 
You had me going for a few paragraphs there, Johan! With that bit about upgrading the shop with modern technology, I was thinking no way were you serious or you weren't dippin' both oars in the water at the same time. Whew!! I mean, I was getting REALLY worried about you. Ya think ya know somebody on the forum, and now this. Glad you were only putting one over on me, and you really do appreciate khukuris for what they are.

With the proof being in the puddin', I have to ask if actually tempering the blades (vs hardening) would make a noticable difference in performance. Can they really be improved?

BTW, the day the kamis abandon their 3rd world khukuri making technology is the day my non-collection is complete....Dan
 
Just a note about "drawing" or selective tempering ( I won't go at lenght here becaui se I can't tell for sure the exact difference in English ) and the knowledge of local bladesmiths:

An old blacksmith friend of mine uses a very effective process at hardening his blades and he brings their back portion to a softer state on the forge, using only his experienced eyes to do so. He has been heat treating his blades this way for the last 60 + years, as he is alomst 80 now ( "hardenig them like like everybody else does" , he says) and just can't imagine another way of having it done. I have seen it and tried it more than once and can only say it works.

------------------
Ivan Campos
Full-time knifemaker...finally!

http://www.bitweb.com.br/users/campos
 
Nice post, Ivan. These kinds of experiences really add lots to the scientific info, and I hope there will be many more such observations coming.

I appreciate your contributions to the forum, and there are plenty of other things you've said that make for good learning. And that good pic in the SN1 thread was another winner. Thanks....Dan

[This message has been edited by Lt. Dan (edited 05-05-2001).]
 
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