Chris,
I would not trust a brita to accomplish anything but make the water taste a bit better if it's foul to start with. Brita is for supreficial treatment only. Pur filters do advertise filtering many dangerous things, specifically most organics, but I'd look into them more before I trusted one for untreated water...
Mostly, it depends on what the water is poisoned with as to how to clean it. Boiling will take care of most bio hazards I know of, as will the chlorine that most municipals use for their water. In order for water to be poisoned and the plant not notice, it would need to happen after the water was treated, which is harder than it might seem, though not impossible.
Chemical poisons would be harder to use, and harder to purify. They need more per volume than most bio's, and not all are destroyed by boiling. Good filters should get most chemical poisons, though I've not researched it, and it is theoretically possible to have a poison that is not much larger than a water molecule that would pass through a standard filter. Whether or not it would be adsorbed in charcoal I do not know.
But to attend to your original question, a brita is for cosmetic use only. It _may_ make water healthier long term, but it's purpose is to remove offensive odors and colors, not poisons or harmful microbes.
Stryver, who uses a Brita for his very hard, rust looking and sulphur smelling water, and it works for that well...