What are the advantages to a salt bath over a kiln

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Jun 30, 2013
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I think the question say it all but I'll re-state it any way...why would someone go to the trouble of working with a salt bath(with there being quiet a few dangers) for normalizing and hardening instead of using a kiln? are kilns just that bad? (I have nothing against salt baths just don't understand the thinking behind them)
Thanks
 
The speed at which you can HT several blades, and also the blades clean up very quickly after the HT. There is no scale on them.
 
Evenness of heating and transfer rate of heat are the big advantages. There is 0% chance of overheating a blade tip or edge in a salt pot. Length makes it possible to HT longer blades and get good results. Quenching in 400°F molten salts is also a very good thing. It allows the blade to equalize in temperature before transformation to martensite, thus avoiding cracks and warps. Any needed straightening can be done easily and then the blade can be hung in the air and allowed to cool to room temperature as it converts to martensite.
All that plus the oxygen free environment makes them a good choice for the top 1% of serious professional bladesmiths. The need to monitor the chemistry in the salts, expense, the inherent danger of any hot molten material, and the problems of a tube full of lava are why they are a poor choice for 99% of bladesmiths.
 
Stacy laid it out well.

Salt heats by conduction, which is the most effective method to heat steels for heat treating.

The big project I've been working on lately, the Joe Paranee X2 Fighting Bowies, make for a great example of why salt can be so nice to have. The blades are right around 3/8" thick at the ricasso, yet taper drastically to a nearly needle point, and they're nearly 2" wide at the widest point.

If you heat that type of blade geometry in a forge, you'll damn near burn the point up before the super thick ricasso even has any heat in it.

In theory, if you soak it in a kiln that is set to not overshoot your temperature, the ricasso will eventually come up to the same temp as the tip without overheating. But I can tell you from first hand experience, that in application that rarely works so well. That is with what most knife makers have available to them. My Paragon Kiln is a KM24, I think it cost about $1400-1500. It holds temp pretty well, but it can't hold a candle to the rapid heat transfer and precise temperature control of my salt bath.

Now if you look at the vacuum furnaces that a place like Peter's has, then you have a comparable "kiln" but it will cost as much as your house.

And speaking of them, Peter's actually uses molten SAND baths for heat treating a lot of simple carbon steels.

I view salt bath safety a lot like any tool. You have to respect it, and understand what it is capable of... then you weigh the risk to benefit ratio and decide for yourself if it's something that's worth having in your shop. If it's something you don't understand and are afraid of, then you should definitely NOT have whatever tool it is. :)
 
If you don't respect Salt Bath, you can go then directly to the graveyard...

But salt bath can also decarb your blade. Most of salts are oxidizers lika KNO3 and NaNO3. And then you have more work with HT...

And btw. Someone did here a HT of Bohler S290 in 1210*C salt bath ?

Evenheat and Paragon kilns are good to start, but those kilns are for hobby level ( it's only my opinion).
They have poor heat insulation (bigger energy bill), and poor histeresis. (and probably not very good PID)
 
How does a PID controlled forge(to stage blown burner design like Stacy's) compare to a salt bath for heating for the quench?
 
Pid forge is good, kiln is better, salt pot is best. The combustion in the forge allows more decarb than a kiln, which has some. A salt pot is basically none.
 
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