What causes linerlock slip ?

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Jan 14, 2007
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This will be a LONG and detailed post, but neccessary. So here goes.

I have an Emerson 2012 CQC-7AW. I noticed soon after i got it that the liner slips quite noticeably when performing my regular test for linerlocks.

My test simply consists of using moderate hand force to attempt to close a knife, with the occaisional spine whack on my palm. I do not spine whack my knives on anything else. I understand the fallacy of that.

Now, while the knife hasnt closed, despite spinewhacking into my palm as hard as i can, it DEFINITELY isnt optimal. One day i decided to clean the blade tang to see what happened. Now, i dont usually use lube, so the lock face wasnt compromised, but to my surprise, the slip went away. For awhile.

Long story short, the lockup is still inconsistent. Sometimes solid, most of the time it slips. So i tried one other thing i had learned knifemakers commonly do. I spinewhacked the knife a couple times on a hard surface, firmly, but gently. While i dont do this as a test, the purpose here was to "seat" the liner to the tang. No change there either.

Anyway, only the very hardest waved and inertial openings will lock up tight, and even then not every time.

My reason for posting is this:

While i know EKI will take care of it if i send it in, id really rather not for a few reasons:

They are one of the few companies that charge for return shipping, and charge a LOT. This chaps my ass as the knife came this way new.

I absolutely love this knife, and dont want to be without it.

So far, the blade has never disengaged, despite my best reasonable efforts. So im really not concerned with safety yet.

And mainly, because i highly suspect the solution is retarded simple. The blade settled in early on at about 40% lockup, and hasnt moved. Knowing what i know about these locks, by design, the liner should move as far as possible until it cant go any further, meaning that things shouldnt be moving once fully engaged Obviously somethings up, and while im no expert, i am familar enough with mechanics and physics to be totally perplexed as to the cause of this. These things arent rocket science.

As a side note, im also baffled by something else related. Linerlocks need to be angled so as to contact only the bottom of the tang, as shown here in the "correct three point relationship" diagram about halfway down.

http://emersonknives.com/get-know-knife/

When i took apart my 2011 Mini Commander, the lock appears to engage the entire face, as in the "incorrect relationship" diagram on the right. This is baffling because the knife locks up fine, and also because the knife hasnt been damaged or worn, meaning it came from the factory "wrong."



With the above information presented, i want to ask:

1: What factors cause play in a linerlock matching the condition of mine?

2. I havent tried bending the spring for more tension yet, as i consider this a bandaid. In my mind, if the spring has enough tension to move over far enough to fully engage, and the blade still slips, then something else is wrong.

If this is incorrect, please educate how to do it PROPERLY?

3. While i highly doubt it would be needed, and probably wont do it on a warranted knife, how do correctly i peen the liner?

Thx for reading this book. I WOULD LIKE TO REQUEST ADVICE FROM THOSE WHO ARE KNOWLEDGABLE IN THE MATTER. USEFUL theories are welcomed, but please indicate if you are just guessing. No rudeness intended, but id like to learn accurate info, such as how a maker would handle this, and avoid incorrect ideas.

Your expertise will be greatly appreciated. I look forward to learning.

Thx.
 
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Based on what you've stated so far, I would suggest that you thoroughly clean any/all lubricant Sharpie, etc, off of the blade tang and linerlock interface. Then blueprint (apply something like maybe a little bit of lead from a number 2 pencil) and index the lock. Closely inspect the contact points between the liner lock face and the blade tang (look at the rub indexing contact).

Various manufacturers produce all types of geometry in the interface between the lock bar and the blade tang. Each geometry has its pluses and negatives, but for the most part the further out from the pivot the stronger/better potential a lock will have over forces (Emmerson diagram, etc.).

There are other factors related to "wear" that can have significant effect on lock performance (deformation or rounding/burred corners, surface galling, reduced spring-tension, etc.). Also, there can be manufacturing issues like residual grind swarth on blade range. Example: A recent Spyderco TUFF I had suffered slight lock slip like you have described (knife appeared rock solid until I applied heavy static load to the spine - lockbar moved slightly, then hard spine wacks to palm of hand produced 1/7 lock disengagements engagements.

Each knife must be inspected individually to determine cause of problem like you have mentioned. Many I have worked on simply needed pivot to be snugged up a little to remove slight side/side play to improve more secure lock interface.

Also, some lock interface geometries (angles & radiuses of blade range/lock-bar interface) work better in the first half of engagement while others perform better at mid-later (CRK example factory spec 50-70% or so I believe). By contrast there was a recent fade of "early lockup" ... not going there here ;-)

As a lockbar moves over; spring tension "may" need to be increased. Each knife however will vary. Would suggest measuring the position of lockbar when locked up (distance from liner to lockbar), and compare that distance to the free distance (liner-lock extended freely is no blade). Write these numbers down for reference should you choose to "adjust" lockbar tension (so you know where you started as small change makes big differences in both lockup AND opening feel/resistance). There needs to be a little over travel (free distance greater than lockup distance). How much more, again relative to each knife but in general knives with softer springs are gonna need a little greater free over-travel.

By "peen" the liner, are you asking about extending the length of the liner-lock-bar or hardening the interface-surface of the liner?
 
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Spey,

Ive actually been using the marks left by the titanium for a reference point on this knife. Shows up great on a clean tang after only a few openings. Ill have to dig out the Mini Comm to see how it looks, but this knife contacts towards the bottom, as it should.

The liners free distance is much further than the locked distance, so am I correct in assuming not to bend it?

My screws and pivot are tight, so im covered there.

By peening, im referring to hammering the point of contact on the liner to make it longer.

To be fair, i have an update since the OP:

I went insane and inertial opened the knife as hard and aggressively as i could about 20 times straight. So far, the problem is gone now. Locks up tight any way i open it, with no play. The liner seemed to move a tiny bit, and sits right at halfway. I was a bit optimistic with my original description in the first thread. I looked at it after i posted and realized it was probly further to 50% than 40%. Anyway, maybe the extra travel helped, or maybe the force helped mate the liner better.

At any rate, id like to keep this thread open for the sake of knowledge, and just in case the problem recurs.

Thx for the response.
 
Glad you got it resolved! One of the issues that you will run into modding your own knife is that you will void the emerson warranty.

Spey hit the nail on the head, and I'll add another tip. EKI seems to have this problem a lot I've noticed... not on everyone but it definitely is an issue. I had a similar issue w/ an Emerson Roadhouse. Turned out that increasing the lockbar strength did nothing. What the problem was was that I had a piece of grit embedded in the liner lock face and then I had to sandblast the lock face and now I can't hardly get the lock undone lol. So if you sandblast them, just do one face, not both or you will need a screwdriver to get undone! hehe
 
Thx Josh.

Im not entirely positive its resolved yet, but heres hoping. Only time will tell. Given the history, im not holding my breath.

Still, the nuances of linerlocks fascinate me somewhat.

More responses welcomed.
 
@Jamesh Bond
RE: your clarification on 3
I would say carefully, deliberately, and directly. I have had positive results on s/s lock-bars. This would however certainly eliminate any chance of manufacturer assistance in the future (no warranty support, if that's important to you ...?). If you want to try, I would suggest an inexpensive demo knife (maybe a cheap Kershaw for example) as I did my first time.

Carbidizing (material buildup on lock-face) is another option. Consider however that in general this will make Ti more slippery (less sticky) because the Ti is softer than the hardened steel (to facilitate lock securement against the harder blade tange).

I would look for alternate solutions on a knife first. Like maybe simply adjusting a blade-stop (rotating a stop-pin, or replacing with larger diameter, etc.), reducing any fore/aft blade play in pivot assembly.

Hope this helps rather than confuses ...

Regards,
Chris
 
Im aware of the thicker stop pin solution, however, im hesitant to think it would be the solution in a situation like this. The liner still has plenty of room to travel, so i wouldnt think simply giving it an earlier lockup would fix this peculiar idiosyncrasy.

At this point the problem seems resolved, unless it comes back, that is. If it does, ill bump this thread, but i still love to learn if anyone wants to post more info.

Chris, could you explain the specific steps in the peening process if its not too much trouble? Ive often wondered just how this goes. Would like to have the idea under my belt in case i ever want to try it.

Also, i believe i read that there is a specific way to bend a liner if one chooses to. Such as where to bend it, and whether to bend it sharp or slightly arcing. Could anyone clarify?

Thx.
 
@Jamesh Bond

First, let me say I have limited experiences with thin Ti liner lock-bar knives in general (have seen too many cases of issues related to sticking, flexing, etc. that were specific to the design & materials selection), and Emmerson knives in general. My comments are merely my experiences, others may have significantly contradictory opinions. You have raised some good questions, probably not specifically related to solutions to the issues you are having, but …

RE: Stop Pin
I was not suggesting that my comments related to a "solution" for the issue(s) you have described. In general I try to stay away from suggesting specific corrections to folks problems (unless I have seen or inspected) as many times the best "solution" is a combination of modifications based specifically on the individual situation. I think a good example of this "might" be carbidizing/carbodizing (it's my assumption a lot of folks jumped on the band wagon believing that applying a thin layer of tungsten to a Ti lock-face to be a miracle pill solution, when in fact may only be a Band-Aid in place of a better more specific solution (my experience, this can create lock slip of lock geometries that were "designed" to rely on some amount of "stick" from the softer Titanium material). I think this is good consideration for a lot of the custom-fad knives that have hit the market since the YouTube revolution (knife makers/manufacturers that initially begin working with heavy Ti frame-lockers who have not previously learned the importance of lock geometry (i.e. the stick generated from the softer Ti face may preclude the importance of lock interface design as related to a solid locking system). I "think" many have overlooked Ti lock face design that were treated by carburization that folks have overlooked and or did/do not understand, as the procedure is very different from deposition of a tungsten layer).

I was merely referencing that the stop-pin is one of the three points of contact that control the position of lock-bar relative to blade tange, each having effect on percentage of lock-up and position (or angle) of relative lockup (more on “angle” below). In a liner-lock these three points of contact are typically (but not always) spread out into a triangle (lock-face, blade-pivot, stop-pin). The wider overall this triangle is, the more resistance to leverage of the blade and handle it will have (the longer/heavier a blade or handle is, the more leverage they will naturally have relative to the lock design). This triangle is but one part of the geometry of lock design. Other parts include length & width of the lock-bar, thickness & stiffness of the lock-bar (these pretty much fall under the lock-bars potential to resist flexing, bending, distortion *see additional references below), and sometimes can include handicaps like lock-bar reinforcers (stabilizers, etc.). Also, and potentially most importantly over looked is the interface geometries of the end of the lock-bar and the interface on the blade-tange (these may be of various configurations based on many things). Interfaces may be multiple combinations of flat, angled, rounded, radiused, shaped, etc. On some knives the actual interface (contact relationship) can stay the same throughout the travel of the lock-bar over time (wear, break-in, etc. - in general movement over time). On many knives the interface contact changes as the lock-bar moves across the blade-tange (I would argue that these are poorly designed and/or lack potential design consideration). Relative to your particular knife, and my reason for commenting on this; the interface of your lock-bar to blade tange may be changed based on how far the travel of the lock-bar is (this is dependent on the shape of the end of the lock-bar & the blade-tange grind interface). Also, depending on how much force has been applied to your lock, the end of the lock-bar may have become deformed (mushroomed, flattened, burred, etc.). If there is any burr formed, this could cause intermittent change in the lock engagement (burr being mushroomed edge hanging off the edge of the lock-bar biting into the blade-tange providing stick, then becoming rounded off creating slippage). Thin Ti liner-locks are not typically designed for heavy forces :-o

RE: Liner Lock Bend and “angle”
This kinda leads into your last question related to how/where to bend a liner-lock-bar. Consider a simple example of sliding a 2" x 4" up against a wall where both are at 90-degrees from the floor (the end of the 2x4 is effectively parallel to the wall). Now raise the end of the 2x4 next to the wall relative to how a liner moves when indexing the blade tange. The two faces are no longer parallel and one edge of the 2x4 is now closer to the wall and/or touching. The further the 2x4 (or lock-bar) moves, the greater the change. If however the end of the 2x4 were to be radiused (top to bottom), the interface relationship would not change … If on the other hand say the blade-tange is radiused (curved) and the lock-bar is not, then initially the lock-bar would have one edge of contact, potentially progressing to two edges of contact, potentially progressing to the other edge of contact across the path of potential travel (this type of geometry would have significant change over time & wear as the lock-bar progressively moves towards the opposite liner). How & where the liner is bent (both angle and distance from end) has a direct effect on how & where the liner makes interface contact with the blade tange. Is your "solution" somehow related, I would think not. Could changing this have an effect, YES. Would the effect be positive or negative ..., it's relative to the specifics (but probably not unless the knife was not manufactured properly or perhaps has become damaged or "modified" by previous owner thinking they were gonna "fix" something by taking this pill (modifying the bend angle and/or location of). I believe most positive use of changing the angle would relate to changing the point of contact of the lock-bar to the tange (i.e. moving the contact point out wider to reduce/eliminate “lock-rock” on knives where the blueprinting indicates the interface contact distribution is too wide and/or too close to the pivot). Perhaps the lock-bar got tweaked at some point, or maybe the face- rind was off slightly …

Also, if you notice movement in a lock-bar (under stress) watch specifically for any flex in the lock-bar. Thin lock-bars are prone to flexing under stress (in general, I would think that the Emmerson falls under this relative thin lock-bar). If the lock-bar bows in either direction, effectively the interface is also changing from the static lock-up position and the lock strength may be compromised. In general folding knives have historically not been designed to withstand heavy closing forces like we have described (heavy static/dynamic forces to back of blade, spine wacks into palm of hand, etc.). Those would argue this is abuse, in my mind it is simply a test of relative lock-up to which I base potential/future usage of an individual knife (test is done only to judge relative potential and knife is not subjected to this multiple times potentially inducing a problem). I do not test folders for prying forces on the lock-up, as I do not tend to use knives for this, but I would assume that combined side/back loading like this would compromise lock-up of many folders.

RE: specific steps to peening process
This is again relative to what inspection of the knife dictates (peening by hammer & anvil). In general impact force against one or both sides of the lock-bar in the area where the lock-bar needs to be extended. The force must be specifically controlled & directed to redistribute the metal in the appropriate direction. Choice of tool(s) and procedure depending on how much specific adjustment is required, re-facing the lock-bar may also be in order after. If you want more info on this, I would prefer not comment here as I believe too many would think a procedure like this could be the salvation of other problems related to worn out over aggressively flicked knives (PM me if you want further discussion on this), and I believe done haphazardly could have very negative effect :-[

From everything you have stated it sounds like your problem has resolved (on the 2012 CQC-7AW). Based on what you have described, it sounds like cleaning the lock-face and blade-tange interface areas (and keeping them clean) was/is your solution. The simplest solution is many times related to simple maintenance procedures. A clean dry lock interface is good :-) minimal lubrication in the pivot is good. I am pleased to hear your successes, and enjoy your insightful questions.

Regards,
Chris
 
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A couple additional thoughts, related to your curiosities on liner-locks …

I think you would do well to research the origin of Michael Walker Liner Lock design (as it also incorporated a non-fail feature where some slippage would still result in safe lock performance vs. disengagement). It began as a flat bevel, and soon transitioned to a radius design. Here is a quote from Bernard Levine related to Michael Walker Liner Lock design: “However, one aspect of the Liner-lock is not forgiving at all. This is the bevel at the end of the tang, on which the end of the locking liner bears. If this angle is too acute, the liner will slip and the lock will fail. If the angle is too obtuse, the liner will stick, and the blade will be difficult or impossible to close. Mike emphasizes that there is no single correct angle for this bevel, as some writers have mistakenly claimed. Rather it must be determined for each knife. The optimal angle is a function of the blade and liner materials, of the spring tension of the liner, and most important of all of the overall length of the knife. The free end of the liner moves in an arc of a circle, and the length of the knife determines the radius of this circle.”

Later, Bob Terzuola made reference to radius grinding the blade-tange-lock-face so that the angle presented to the spring-lock-bar would range between 7-degrees & 9-degrees, adding that angles less (approaching 5-degrees) to be considered seizing taper (will cause spring to stick), and that angles greater (approaching 10-degrees) will not be secure (the lock-spring will slip with closing pressure applied to the blade spine).

Michael Walker described the radius grind to the blade-tange-lock-face as having a center-point so as to create a small raised lip (speed bump so to speak) in the area where the lock-bar comes off the blade. I think he called this “fail-safe” lock. So, effectively the radius of negative, progressing to neutral, progressing beyond 5-degress where the lock-bar-spring made initial contact when knife was brand new, progressing steeper as the spring traveled across the face. This was all happening back in the early 1980’s. I believe that many of the “new” knife makers fail to realize the subtleties of Michaels’s original design and to this day are producing current day knives that are fundamentally flawed by simple ignorance of previous successful design.

As a reference point, I believe these designs were based on creating resistance against 35+ lbs of force generated against the spine of the knife with the weak point being the stiffness/strength of the spring (or lock-bar).

With regard to liner-lock design, look up anything you can on Michael Walker and follow up with Bob Terzuola. This should provide you a good baseline to compare anything anyone is doing currently.

Regards,
Chris
 
Many thanks, Chris. I have read the material you referenced. Its what got me more interested. Good stuff.

I agree with you on lock expectations. I plan to cut with mine, not pry or stab. For the record i don't think anyone should be stabbing with a folding knife anyway. But i do expect a lock to perform to its specs. Nice to know my fingers are safe if i bump it somehow while using it.

Appreciate your time and detail in posting.
 
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