154 CM ? (calling Cliff, ohhhhh Cliff)

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Nov 30, 2002
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Work was so kind as to give me some gift certificates to Cabellas for christmas so i figured id try out a Benchmade. I ordered the 154 CM Osborne in Black non serrated. What kind of performance should i expect out of this steel? I looked on this segment of the forum for other reviews of the steel but couldnt find anything in the 13 pages that came up comparing the two types (s30v and 154cm)

Specific questions regarding it

Harder or easier to sharpen than S30v?
more stain resistant than S30v?
More chip resistant?
more likely to bend or snap if torqued?
 
Specific questions regarding it

Harder or easier to sharpen than S30v?
more stain resistant than S30v?
More chip resistant?
more likely to bend or snap if torqued?
Probably easier to sharpen, it's often taken harder too, which makes it easier to sharpen since it's less likely to burr. It's more stain resistant than 154CM, and I would say more chip resistant and less likely to snap.
 
darkestthicket; S30V is a high wear upgrade to 154CM which has as a direct downside a lower grindability. At a similar hardness, most will find S30V harder to sharpen as the grindability is lower. You can however eliminate grindability as a concern by proper use of microbevels. In regards to durability issues, both are high carbide stainless, it is like asking who would win in a fight, Steve Erkel or Screech.

-Cliff
 
so does the erkel/screech metaphopr mean that high carbide steels are weak? or only that both s30v and 154cm are evenly matched in terms of durability?
 
The high carbide steels, especially stainless, are very brittle both in regards to not taking impacts well nor being able to bend very far before they will break. As a direct knife example, Top's and Extrema Ratio both use very thick and shallow grinds which leave the knives with low cutting ability, the Steel Eagle and Fulcrum for example. One of them will cut better than the other on a given knife, but if you need a decent level of cutting ability you are not going to care because both of them are horrible anyway.

-Cliff
 
One of the major contributing factors to toughness is carbide size and volume. 154CM and S30V have similar carbide volumes (17.5% vs. 14.5%), but S30V's carbide size is much smaller and more uniform in size. Some numbers: 154CM at 60 Rc: 16 ft. lbs., S30V at 60 Rc: 20-25 ft. lbs.; transverse: 154CM at ? Rc: 2.5 ft. lbs., S30V at ? Rc: 10 ft. lbs. High volumes of chromium in solution (like in stainless steels) also reduces toughness, among other things.
 
What is the source for the longitudinal toughness and how were the samples treated. Crucible lists 440C/154CM/S30V as all being the same in that regard (C-notch) in the S30V data sheet at "about 25-28 ft.lbs".

The transverse measurement is mainly meaningless because knives are not heavily loaded along that orientation in use. It was promoted heavily by Crucible just because it is favorable to their steels.

No one would actually argue S30V has shown itself to be 4 times as tough as 154CM in use which shows that statistic to be hype. It would in fact be difficult to argue that the user reports even support the conclusion it is as durable.

-Cliff
 
Larrin, you have contacts at Crucible, could you have them comment on this issue? I'm curious what they feel about their product comparisons and data.
 
Well, the *transverse* (impact) toughness is listed by Crucible to be approximately 4 times larger for S30V than for 154CM. The longitudinal toughness is listed to be about the same for both. However, S30V is roughly 3 times more corrosion resistant than 154CM (based on the electrochemical pitting potential). That was actually somewhat confirmed by Mactech fogtest. S30V seems to develop insignificant surface corrosion relatively quickly due to the fact that it is often finished pretty coarsely, but it is actually very resistant to pitting (MacTech was unable to get it to develop significant rust in 10 days in a fog chamber, no salt added).
 
Well, the *transverse* (impact) toughness is listed by Crucible to be approximately 4 times larger for S30V than for 154CM.

It should be noted that is a general P/M vs ingot trend, it is one of the reasons why you should always look closely at exactly what you are given because a fracture of that type would involve the knife splitting from point to pommel. Note this behavior was known by many makers as to why you had to be careful when blanking knives so as to make sure the grain was orientated to as to be able to best take the impacts. Steels also have usually very peaked behavior and thus at the same hardness you can hit a maximum toughness point for one and a minima for another so such a comparison can be fairly lopsided. You can actually hit a toughness minimum with 154CM at that hardness.

At a minimum you want the full temper responce and you really need to see the results of different tests and how it is effected by different austenization temperatures. If you compare from one manufacturer to another you will see the data change constantly for measures of toughness (and other properties) because there are many ways to measure it and everyone will pick the one which favors their product and then argue obviously that is the most relevant measure of that quantity. To get an actual unbiased perspective you need to look at something like "Tool Steels" by Roberts/Cary, which will show all available sources and then discuss them.

The final say then comes from the performance of the material in use, is there a lower incidence of problems with one of those steels than another, is one more aggressively supported against that type of damage, etc. .

-Cliff
 
It should be noted that is a general P/M vs ingot trend, it is one of the reasons why you should always look closely at exactly what you are given because a fracture of that type would involve the knife splitting from point to pommel.
Transverse toughness in knives is effective in impacts on to the side. Since we deal with very thin edges, you would expect some toughness required for a push or impact from the side.
 
What is the source for the longitudinal toughness and how were the samples treated. Crucible lists 440C/154CM/S30V as all being the same in that regard (C-notch) in the S30V data sheet at "about 25-28 ft.lbs".
Dick Barber told me that it gets 20-25 ft. lbs. at 60 Rc. I believe the 25-28 ft. lbs. is for 58 Rc. 440C gets 26 ft. lbs. at 56 Rc. 154CM would have to be <58 to get 25-28 ft. lbs. My 16 ft. lbs. at 60 Rc for 154CM is a guess based on multiple sources, though there is one somewhat questionable source in an old Knifeforums thread that listed 154CM at 16 ft. lbs. at 60 Rc, and it seems consistent with other data.
 
Larrin, you have contacts at Crucible, could you have them comment on this issue? I'm curious what they feel about their product comparisons and data.
I know they feel S30V is much tougher than 154CM, they also report that in their testing shows S30V is tougher than CPM154 as well. I've told Scott Devanna they need to change the whole "same longitudinal toughness" thing, because it's only the same if 154CM and 440C are at 56 Rc, and S30V is at 58 Rc, and that the big differences come when they're taken to 60 Rc, but Scott didn't seem particularly worried. Maybe someone should e-mail him about this thread, he usually shows up if you do.
 
Transverse toughness in knives is effective in impacts on to the side.

Test data? You really support the idea that ratio is an indication of practical toughness? Just consider what that ratio means in general in regard to tool steel classification and see if it would be even close to the position of 154CM vs S30V.

Side loads are far more torsional than straight charpy/izod, regardless of the grain, when they are on the edge. You can induce a transverse load by a side impact but it is fairly particular because you basically have to try to fold the knife in half through its length and thus induce a long running fracture from point/pommell.

-Cliff
 
You have test data to support that?
It just seems like common sense to me. Ed Severson was the one that originally suggested it to me.
You really support the idea that S30V is 4x as capable of taking side impacts as 154CM?
I have no reason to argue with Crucible's testing.

Edit: Cliff was changing his post while I was quoting it and responding to it, so apparently I am quoting statements he never made. Oh well, my response is still basically the same. And I'm talking about transverse toughness, obviously.
 
Dick Barber told me that it gets 20-25 ft. lbs. at 60 Rc. I believe the 25-28 ft. lbs. is for 58 Rc. 440C gets 26 ft. lbs. at 56 Rc. 154CM would have to be <58 to get 25-28 ft. lbs. My 16 ft. lbs. at 60 Rc for 154CM is a guess based on multiple sources, though there is one somewhat questionable source in an old Knifeforums thread that listed 154CM at 16 ft. lbs. at 60 Rc, and it seems consistent with other data.

Larrin, I want to note a few issues here which have to do with experimental data in general which you have a really skewed viewpoint of which isn't helped by the people feeding you information. All experimental data is prone to errors in measure, this is actually a fundamental law of physics, any observation introduces uncertainty. Impact tests are generally around the 10% level assuming Hitachi's data is competent.

Now add to that the batch data composition, look at the tolerances in the steel and see how much you would expect that to effect the results. Now look at effects in heat treating, I am not talking about different recipies but just general time and temperature variance for the exact same scheme. Now if you add all of these up would you ever consider 16 vs 25 ft.lbs was significant.

No, they are not which is why Crucible's origional assertion that they are all the same is valid because they are not significantly different. You never compare experimental data using a simple equality, you always have to use ranges.

I have no reason to argue with Crucible's testing.

Larrin you are supposed to look for them. This is science not religion. You don't accept something because someone specific says it. That completely destroys all credibility in the arguement and produces nothing but hype. You are supposed to ignore the speaker, look at what they say, see if it makes sense, check with other sources. If they are selling something then at the barest minimum look at what is said by those that compete with them and the unbiased evaluations relevant to that field.

Just look at what is claimed, L6 for example is about 4x the izod toughness of M2 (actually less at common knife hardness for each). Forget that it is said by whoever you spoke to you as are never supposed to give that any consideration anyway. If John Smith, a complete novice knife maker asked you he wanted a stainless which was related to 154CM in toughness as L6 was to M2. You would really suggest S30V?

-Cliff
 
Cliff - So what is the toughest stainless steel in your opinion? I've been trying to recall any posted problems with any of the stainless steels, i.e., breaking or snapping during normal use. I know you break them regularly, but I would hardly classify your work as normal, helpful information, yes, but not normal.

In my everyday use I have seen little difference in performance between 154CM and S30V (I have noted S30V is more resistant to pitting and deep rusting compared to other stainless steels, except VG-10). Has anyone here had problems with stainless steels snapping during regular use? Just curious.
 
... what is the toughest stainless steel

Toughness is mainly dependent on carbon amount and carbide volume (and temper resistance, 5160 is for example tougher than 1060 for that reason). There is a misconception that a high hardness needs a massive carbon content but in reality 0.6% carbon gives full martensite hardness of 65 HRC, the increase is for carbide volume. That level is also where plate martensite starts to form which is inherently more brittle than lathe martensite.

Thus if you are looking for a tough stainless steel you look for the exact same properties as you would in nonstainless steels. You want the carbon content in the austenite to be below 0.6% (no plate martensite) and you want a minimum of carbides. This means the tougher cutlery stainless steels are AUS-4A, 12C27M, etc. . Of course there are much tougher stainless steels but they are rarely used in cutlery (such as discussed here) because the hardness is low.

Note even the really tough cutlery steels are actually fairly brittle if compared steels made to handle impacts. L6 for example which is well regarded as a tough knife steel has about 1/5 of the v-notch impact toughness of H13 and there are lots of tool steels tougher than H13. However unless you are seeing fracture problems in the steel then you gain nothing by making the steel tougher and in general you have to trade strength and wear resistance to get toughness, unless you change methods of manufacturering which can make the steel tougher at a given composition such as P/M vs ingot.

In my everyday use I have seen little difference in performance between 154CM and S30V ....

As I said, you would not expect to in many respects as they are the same class of steels.

-Cliff
 
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