A folder is born - Mid-Tech approach to a Ti framelock (WIP)

BogdanS

Knifemaker / Craftsman / Service Provider
Joined
Jan 11, 2015
Messages
1,000
Hello dear friends,

First of all i would like to thank you all for being so very nice and supportive to us - due to your generosity and kind manners today we are still here and hoping for a better future that i really do hope and plan to start with this next batch of folders for which i added some new and very nice features for you to enjoy and to offer even more value for the buck ;)

All phases involved into building a custom folder are done by me in my shop, less the waterjet/laser initial materials cutting, things that i found to ease the work very much (and hence lowering the production costs/sell price) without compromising anything in terms of quality and attention to detail that are expected from a handmade folder.

For you to better understand where you 'invest' your hard earned money and how much work such a knife involves i decided to make a 'WIP documentary' of the main phases through which the Ti and steel become a dependable tool.

These being said let's begin:

1. In this first pic are the scales and blade as they come from the waterjet/laser cutting (these exact ones are not the ones of the knife ill work on in this WIP but i simply forgot to take pics of those before the initial grinding and i still wanted you to see how the look in their original form :)).

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2. First step is for both the blade and the scales to be flat ground (i use my grinder's platen which has heat resistant glass glued on it for a close to perfect plane surface) - of course that a surface grinder would be cool but only in terms of 'technology' as a well designed grinder with an adequate platen does exactly the same job without any difference in final quality. This step is CRUCIAL because any slight warping will later translate in centering issues and a jerky action (ask me how i learned it :D) - blade and scales after the initial surface grinding.

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3. next phase is to ream pivot holes and get all other holes to quote (they are initially cut undersized to leave space for fine tuning). I learned that when working with Titanium, carbide drills and mills are your best friend in terms of time saving and mistakes minimization. Although Titanium is not a hard material to cut or drill, due to it's low heat conductivity it tends to heat up very fast, work harden and to 'grip' on the tool. Using cobalt HSS or cobalt drill bits/mills is not impossible but it will guarantee you some 'adventures' that you'll not forget to easy :D
Using carbide and some patience and learned skills on the other way, makes all these operations a simple walk in the park. So spending some money here on carbide drills/mills is a very good investment.
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4. for the countersunk body screws i use a 118 degree 'all material' carbide tipped drill bit that work wonders; it fits perfectly the screws head, is not so expensive as a solid carbide one and readily available in almost every tools store.
For the pivot hole, i start the hole with the same drill bit but with the proper dimensions just because i could not find a countersunk mill with the dimensions i need so i use a two step method in here. I do this because the carbide end mill does not have the ability to self center so it would wobble and ruin the scales but once the hole is started with the self centering bit the carbide end mill will be easily guided and will finish the seat for the pivot screw head.

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5. The 4 flue carbide end mill will now finish pivot screws head seat to a perfectly flat base and 'walls'

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6. Some fine grinding of the scales and we are ready for the next steps
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7. Now we'll make the bronze pivot bushing for the blade - this is one of the NEW features that will be added on request from now on. These bushings allow extremely tight reaming tolerances and due to their self lubricating capabilities will help getting a smooth and linear action. They are all made by hand, in house on a precision micro lathe.
The bushings are press fitted into the blade (i also add some Loctite 243 before press fitting but only because i am little paranoid with safe fittings :)).
So we take the bushing to quote, use a centering drill bit for a precise hole alignment, then bring the hole to a step below final quote and ream it to the final form - as you can see in the pics the internal bore is very nice and clean.

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8. This is how it will look in the end (the picture is from another blade as the final bushing fit will be done after blade HT to avoid issues that might appear due to different cooling, contracting/expanding rates)
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9. An almost perfect, seamless fit ;)

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More to follow as it happens because the work just started :D

Thank you very much for taking your time to read until here!

All the best, God bless,
Bogdan
 
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10. Now we'll handle the spring relief. This can be done several ways but it depends a lot on personal taste and machine availability.
For this particular knife i choose the 'three stripe' design that requests a mill/mini mill in my case and some nice carbide mills (i will say it again - when working with Ti, carbide accessories will be the necessary luxury that will make your life easier and avoid many unnecessary issues)
I decided to to do it on the outside part of the scales as i usually do with my 'tech sided' folders.
In the beginning of my folders journey (and also now for my 'art' knives and not only) when i haven't had a mill i was forced to 'invent' a way of doing this so i ended up with and arched grinded relief for which i use the small wheel on my precision grinder. This kind of relief is excellent in my humble oppinion not only because it looks very classy but also because is spreads the load very evenly across the arch (example pic attached).
The depth of the grooves/grinded arch is to be decided by every maker based on personal preferences - i myself am not keeping a standard spring thickness but adapt it based on how i would like the knife to 'work'.

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11. The first provisionally assembly to see how it should look and if there is anything to adjust in terms of design in this stage
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12. Next step is the lock face - first thing will be to grind it to a close to perfect square and nice smooth finish as after the initial cut it is rough and slightly uneven.
I take care to zero my precision grinder's table in order to avoid altering face lock angle. Then, using a rough but effective setup (a square piece of wood and a clamp) i secure the scale to the square with the clamp and this will offer me a perfectly aligned and square position of the lock face and platten.
Before & after
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That's all for today - more to come as we are not even half way through :D

All the best, God bless,
Bogdan
 
Genuinely interesting stuff Bogdan. Your titanium folders always look really sturdy, which I like ;)

I am curious about what kind of finishes you have played with in terms of the titanium itself, and which one provides the best grip.
 
Thank you very much my dear friends Sharp & Fiery Sharp & Fiery SwissHeritageCo SwissHeritageCo - i really hope you will enjoy the whole process and be at least little bit useful ;)

As for Ti finishes i usually use stonewash over satin finish and anodizing (type 1 and type 2) again over satin finish. Although it is not a very obvious difference i would dare to say that the stonewash finish is little bit more grippy.
Never used sand/bead blasting first because i have not invested in such a setup and second because (i know i am again a little paranoid) i have an idea that these processes might create microscopic fissures and i don't like this idea even though i am sure this makes no difference in terms of toughness :)

All the best brothers, God bless,
Bogdan
 
13. Preparing the detent ball assembly - using a marker i colored the area of the lock where the detent will be placed; this is done in order to be able to 'scribe' with the caliper the exact location or the ceramic ball. After the 'crosshairs' are marked i use a homemade punch to mark the hole place (i was forced to make my own punch because i could not find a fine and good quality one to buy - all were too bulky and not hard enough for my needs - the setup is very simple: a piece of hex steel (i used a hex key body) that was drilled to quote on the lathe to correctly fit the tip and for the tip i used a broken tap tail which is very hard and works wonders for me).

Once marked, using a carbide mill (one step undersized - in this case for the 1.6 mm detent ball i used a 1.5 mm drill bit) i drill the hole; once again i must insist to say that the carbide accessories worth their weight in gold even more in these fine details; i used hss and cobalt drills in my beginnings but due to the fact that Ti work hardens and is somehow slippery and not only once i ruined the scales due to the holes end up being too large from the drill wobble. The carbide ones are very sharp and stay sharp so the holes are perfectly at quote.

I will not attach the detent ball yet because i always do it after i bring the scales to their almost final finish in order to be able to also work on their 'back' without scratching the detent.

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13. Preparing the pins - all pins are precision machined and hardened 440c steel for tight tolerances and long life.
This part is VERY important for the good functioning of the knife - the stop pin, which acts also like a back spacer needs to be precisely the width of the blade+washers - any slight difference will make the scales not align perfectly and will create 'brake' points in blade's action.
I use a thin small wheel in my mini mill to precision cut the pins near the final quote.
After the cut the pins are carefully taken to their final dimensions on my precision micro lathe - if i could show you how many times i measured the pin to it's final size you would for sure think i am nuts :) - there is no other choice as a hundredths of an inch can make the difference between a good folder or a total mess. I use the lathe but not for metal removing but rather i slightly grind the steel with the side of the carbide insert to only take very, very little with one pass (hate this part - is a job for an old Chinese guy and i am old but not Chinese) :)
To test if pins are correctly sized i assemble the knife and tighten all screws less the pivot one; once this done the blade should have close to zero play, move freely enough and be correctly centered - this shows that the scales are perfectly aligned - this is quite a hard thing to do without cnc machines and such but not impossible (vid attached)
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14. Finishing the scales - after fine grinding the surface of the scales i use a compound loaded scotch brite belt to finish the scales and get them to a very fine satin that will be the base for the final finish. In the first pic is the scale before the scotch brite and in the second after.
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15.Now is time to set the ceramic detent ball - sit the ball in it's place and carefully with a small hammer tap it sharp but not too strong because hitting it too hard will set it too deep in the hole and then you'll have some real problems (ask me again how i know it :)). For me it usually sets correct from the first hit (maybe i am lucky or maybe the hand formed a reflex and 'knows' how hard to hit) but if you see the ball is not set deep enough (i prefer it just to it's middle) i use a precision vise and tighten it lightly to slowly press it deeper to the desired depth - hitting with the hammer will most probably set it to deep as you have little control on the force applied.
I use a feeler gauge to measure this.
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16. Setting detent ball seat hole into the blade - for me, the most precise and easy way to mark it is by assembling the knife in the closed position and i apply a soft tap with a wooden dowel (not to dent the Ti scale and also to suppress/soften the hammer hit) and a small hammer to the place where the detent is located. This hit will push the detent ball into the blade leaving a very small dent. Please be aware that hitting too hard could make the detent ball burry itself deeper in the hole and the whole setup would be ruined - so a small hit just to mark the place (the steel being still annealed is easily dented).

Then, with my homemade punch i mark that exact spot and using the carbide drill bit (same as used for the detent ball) i proceed and drill the hole -all done!

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Please note that the bushing is not the final one but one that helps me 'pass' the blade through the needed steps before HT.

17. Here we go - one more assembly to see how we did until now - hope you enjoy!
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More to follow and thank you very much for being here!

All the best, God bless,
Bogdan
 
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I've always appreciated knife makers that take the time to stage WIP photos! Excellent work, sir!:thumbsup:
You are too kind brother - thanks a lot for appreciation! Hopefully this will be at least for little help into understanding and scaling a maker's work and why not a small guide for anyone that is willing to try his hand on Ti folders ;)

All the best, God bless,
Bogdan
 
Hey BogdanS BogdanS
This is looking fantastic. Really nice work. Did I miss where you shared what blade steel you chose for this build? And is there any driving force on when you use Wolfram vs O1, etc?
Thanks
 
Hey BogdanS BogdanS
This is looking fantastic. Really nice work. Did I miss where you shared what blade steel you chose for this build? And is there any driving force on when you use Wolfram vs O1, etc?
Thanks
Hello my good old friend,

Thank you very much for your appreciation!

I do believe i forgot to mention but the steel is W2 ;)

I haven't used O1 for quite some time now but Wolfram special i use when i need a real beast knife (which is not usually the case with folders). I now prefer W2 due to the fact that it fits all boxes for a great folder:

- high hardness
- excellent fine edge
- excellent edge retention

PLUS

- artistic edge through the fact it gets a very nice hamon ;)

All the best brothers, God bless,
Bogdan
 
18. Now is time to take care of the blade - first, after coloring the edge with a marker, using a caliper i mark the middle of the edge that will help me grind symmetrical bevels.
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19. Grinding the bevels - i always use a grinding jig as i found it to be the best and easy way for consistent and clean grinds.
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20. Here we go, the blade is now rough grinded and is ready for HT.
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21.For this knife ill go with a clay quenched blade and hopefully a nice hamon ;) - for this task i use some kiln insulating compound that works well but is little bit more complicated to apply than regular clay due to it being thicker. The advantage of it is that it has a very good adhesion to the blade and very seldom it scales during HT.
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22. Into the kiln with it - i put the blade in the kiln from the beginning for the clay to gradually dry during the ramp up. Quenching temperature is 780C (1436F) as hamon loves lover quenching temps. I do an interrupted quench - brine with some dish soap in it for 3 seconds and then warm oil. I plan for a long time to switch to an ultra fast oil but couldn't put my hands on some locally - this would help me get rid of the boogeyman called 'PING' when blade hits water :). Today thanks good God the 'PING' was out of office so i ended up with a good to go blade.

Please do excuse the messy HT setup but is inevitably to spill some water/oil each time i quench :D

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23. And the blade after it escaped the 'torture chamber' is ready for normalizing; for this is use a simple oven BUT with a slight 'trick' - it is known that these kitchen ovens don't have precise temperature control so i adapted a little bit and using a high precision, industrial grade Digitron thermometer i make sure the temp is exactly where it should be (around 400 F).
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24. Clean the blade, and a short etch to see if we have some hamon or not - thanks God is there so we can go on! Of course that now is very faded but after hand sanding and several etching cycles we should end up with a nice one (i hope :D).
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More tomorrow! ;)

Thank you very much for being here brothers!

All the best, God bless,
Bogdan
 
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