Concerning the test knives... the rules for the JS performance knife state the following:
TEST KNIFE SPECIFICATIONS:
- Overall Length of Knife: Maximum fifteen (15) inches.
- Blade Width: Maximum two (2) inches.
- Blade Length: Maximum ten (10) inches from point to the beginning of either the guard, bolster, or handle of the - blade.
- Handle Configuration: Any handle configuration is acceptable with or without guard, bolsters, ferrule, etc.
- Handle material is irrelevant and solely the choice of the applicant.
- Blade Material: The Journeyman Smith may test with any forged steel of his or her choice except Damascus.
The rules for the MS performance knife state:
TEST KNIFE SPECIFICATIONS:
Overall Length of Knife: Maximum fifteen (15) inches.
Blade Width: Maximum two (2) inches.
Blade Length: Maximum of ten (10) inches from point to the beginning of either the guard, bolster, or handle of the blade.
Handle Configuration:
The Master Smith applicant must test with a "stick tang" knife. Any handle configuration is acceptable with or without a guard, bolsters, ferrule, etc. Handle material is irrelevant and solely the choice of the applicant.
Blade Material:
Any pattern welded Damascus steel with more than 300 welded laminations. Combination of steels or pattern used in the billet is irrelevant. The Damascus may not be laminated to a central core steel piece, such as San Mai construction.
*NOTE:
The Master test knife must be forged with a "stick" or hidden tang handle. A full tang is not acceptable as a test knife. If a blade is loose in the handle, or in the judgment of the supervising Master Smith presents a risk, the knife may be refused for testing. This does not count as a failure to pass the test. The applicant may proceed with the test when any such handle looseness is corrected to the satisfaction of the supervising Master Smith
As you can see the MS performance test knife is required to be a "stick tang" otherwise known as a hidden tang. The reason for this is that more skill is required to create a hidden tang that will withstand the torture that the knife must endure. The reason this is not specified in the JS testing is that it is easier to create a full tang that will endure. Let me qualify that last statement.... commonly it is believed that a full tang knife is stronger than a hidden tang. No so. If a hidden tang is created correctly, it is ever bit as strong and durable as a full tang. In fact I have seen poorly made full tang knives that were not as durable as a properly made hidden tang. Along with this, once an individual understands/learns to create a hidden tang properly (for strength and durability), you realize a significant savings in steel by forging a hidden tang versus a full tang. I know I cringe when a customer asks me to create a Mosaic Damscus blade with a full tang....its just a terrible waste of steel.