Advice on laminated 1095/ mild steel Bowie

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May 23, 2016
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115
Good day everyone,
I'm a big fan of working on multiple knives in various stages of completion all the time. I have one Bowie getting the handle finished with blo for my father, and one Bowie going through tempering cycles for my father in law. These will both be Father's Day gifts. Also on Monday I finished rough forging a wakizashi that I'm not really in any rush to complete. All 3 are forged from 5160 which is the only type of steel that I have used so far.
I have had a 1/4" thick piece of 1095 for a while that I've been waiting to use. Also I thought I might like to make a knife that would be easier to carry during the summer months than the 17" Bowie I carry during the winter. I also had never forge welded before so I decided to try to weld some mild steel around the 1095 and forge the resulting billet into a summer knife for myself.
I forged a piece of mild angle into a jacket that would cover the 1095 on both sides and the spine, cleaned up the inside by hot filing and while it was still hot, stuck the 1095 inside, wrapped some wire around to hold it together, fluxed and put the whole mess back in the forge. For flux I used household borax laced with graphite to hopefully help control carbon migration.
I've read a lot on the subject of what colour to get the steel for welding. There's one video out there where a smith heats his steel until it starts sparking (which I'm Pretty sure is bad) before he hammers it together. What I actually did was watch the steel while it was heating until the mild jacket started to look wet on the surface. Hauled it out then, lightly tapped the edge of the 1095 into the mild jacket, re fluxed, re heated and tacked the sides together. Then the process was repeated 2 more times with light blows followed by another heat and then heavier blows. The billet was then allowed to cool.
Once cool I cut the ends off to check the welds.
Everything looks like it stuck perfectly, WOW! After everything I read, I really didn't expect it to be that easy!
I then did some rough forging, the knife is going to be a hidden tang. At this point I have the tang forged out, distal tapers forged in, and the preform done on the point. All that's left for fire forming is the bevels.
The handle on this one will be a piece of wild cherry I cut from my back yard a couple years ago and have had seasoning since. I usually do sculpted handles inspired by the knives of Nick Wheeler and Jason Knight but I'm not married to the idea. This knife will be carried iwb in a kydex sash sheath.
Guard will either be made from copper, railroad spike or I may try to make a piece of Damascus and form it from that.
The final dimensions should be:
Blade; 9" long, 1 3/4" wide, taper from 3/8" to 3/16" a little before the point.
Overall length will be 14".
So now my questions for you guys:

1) for heat treating should it treat it as if it were 1095? Heat treating will either be done in my old propane "forge master blacksmith" forge or my charcoal forge.
2) what are your thoughts on the guard? This will be a user knife and I'd like it as versitile as possible. I'm thinking oval or shallow "s" but I'm wondering if there's something that would be more comfortable to wear in this fashion.
3) handle shape? I'm thinking about doing the sculpted handle but keeping it thinner than usual ( usually I use 3/4" at the guard, taper out to 7/8" in the palm then curving in and flairing back out to 1" at the butt). Again I'm not married to this if there is a shape that is functional and wears more comfortably under the shirt.
I'd post pictures, but I can't figure out how.
Still can't believe how easy it was to weld and that everything seems to have held together through the forging. This knife will be a user, tested extensively by me and only me. One of its roles will be cutting branches and driftwood to throw for my dogs while in the woods or at the lake.

Any feed back will be much appreciated, please let me know what you think!
 
In order to post your pictures (which I myself would love to see :) ) just create an account for photobucket or some other image hosting website. Next, upload the pictures to your account there. Once they are uploaded, each picture will have a number of ways to link to it (about 4) with the links next to the picture. Click on the link listed as "IMG" and it will automatically copy it for you, then all ya gotta do is paste it here in your comment. :)

I know this is a Bowie you are making, but if you do actually plan on using it hard and using it all around (camp knife, chopper etc.) then I think a guard with only a bottom lug would be more practical, so you can get more leverage with you thumb on the spine for doing more delicate (precise) cutting tasks. But that's just my humble opinion, and you know what you like and how you use your knives as well as what you use them for, so take that for what you will.

Don't forget the pictures! :D ;) I'm interested in seeing some of the other blades you described in your post as well. :) :thumbup:

~Paul

My YT Channel Lsubslimed
... (It's been a few years since my last upload)
 
Ok, let's try to link some pics in Here
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If this worked, it is a picture of the 17" oal Bowie I spoke of. This is the first knife I made, the one that started it all
 
Wow, it worked!
Ok, here's the one I made for my father, it's waiting for its kydex to arrive
URL=http://s1180.photobucket.com/user/Grenfellsbrutalforge/media/Mobile%20Uploads/image_zpsr7b1utfj.jpeg.html]
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Here's the one for my father in law. Heat treat is complete, bevels are filed to final shape. Just need final sanding (done by hand) handle made and guard which will be made from the forged down railroad spike shown here.


And now the knife that this post was started about.


URL=http://s1180.photobucket.com/user/Grenfellsbrutalforge/media/Mobile%20Uploads/image_zpso9cxx852.jpeg.html]
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Did the final forging on it yesterday, and cleaned up the profile with the angle grinder this morning. The edge has been painted so it can be marked and the bevels be filed closer to shape then hand sanded a bit and then heat treat.
Turned out 9" blade, 4.5" tang, spine is 5/16" at ricasso, tapering to 3/16" about 1" before the tip. Widest part is 1 5/8".
Doing a low layer count twist pattern Damascus for the guard and ferrule.
I worked some on the billet today, I call it "poverty damascus". It has 14 layers before twisting
8 layers old circular saw blade,
4 layers old lawnmower blade,
2 layers railroad spike.
It's my first try at this so I wanted to use free material I had on hand. Hopefully tomorrow I'll forge it round and twist it. All the welds are stuck so far.
The knife heat treat I guess will be for 1095
 
Tried to fix you picture links so thy would show but can't do it on the

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This is becoming a WIP post. Just came in from the forge, this is where I'm at with this blade so far.

I filed in the bevels and sanded to 150 grit this morning in preperation for heat treat. What a pain it was filing the mild steel. The swarf coming off this stuff clogged up the file big time and I had to stop every 4 strokes in one direction and clean it up or it would gall the hell out of the blade. Looked awesome though when the 1095 showed through. Did the heat treat in my outdoor charcoal forge. Overcast here today so I figured out what colour critical temp was with a magnet while normalizing. Normalized 3 times then geared up and went for the final heat and quench. It was nerve racking trying to keep it at critical for 10 minutes in the charcoal. Had to constantly move the piece around. Ended up being heated for around 12+ minutes. Quenched it in canola oil at 130degrees roughly. Let it cool down to 90 then hauled it out, cleaned it up and tested it with a file. Whatever I did must have worked because the file skated right off. It's tempering in the oven now at 440. I don't want the edge too hard because it will be used for chopping. Is this a good temperature?
I'd like to see it around 57, 58 HRC. It's going in the freezer over night after this tempering and will be tempered again in the morning. Can anyone tell me what temperature I should use to achieve this hardness?
 
Also, the billet I have welded up has a little delamination on one side. Would it be ok to try to grind it out or should I discard it and start over? It isn't going to close up when I twist the billet is it?
 
Using chalk on your files will help keep the teeth from clogging up like that as well as help to keep them cutting longer between file card uses.

That's some really nice forging to shape right there, nice work! I'm lookin' forward to watch this as it progresses. :thumbup: :)

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Regarding the delamination, twisting the billet will not help close up the weld, it will most likely cause it to delaminate even more.. If not, it will remain inside the billet as a bad inclusion/weld flaw.

You can grind it out and then continue on with the twisting. As long as the rest of your welds are solid it should be alright. If it all goes south, then start over. ;)

~Paul

My YT Channel Lsubslimed
... (It's been a few years since my last upload)
 
I had forgotten about the caulk trick, thanks for the advice!
Blade is warming up from the freezer now. Getting ready to go back in the oven for 2 more hours. Freezing the blade between tempering cycles is something that I have been doing with 5160, I read that it is beneficial for that steel. I'm not sure if it helps 1095, but I'm pretty sure it won't hurt it. The blade still seems pretty hard after the last tempering. I'm going to increase temperature to 450 this time. I monitor the temp with an oven thermometer.
Going to try to grind out that delamination today. If all goes well with that I'll fire up the propane forge and hopefully get it twisted today
 
So I lost half the billet grinding out that delamination. I twisted up what I had, cut it in half and laminated it around a flattened piece of railway clip. Had just enough for the guard and collar. Went ahead and etched it in hot vinager because that's all I have without going to hydrocloric. Ended up with this

You must have to grind pretty deep into the twist to get a star pattern to show?
I'm satisfied with this pattern so on I went. Fluted the guard and collar pieces and cut and shaped some copper spacers to go into the handle. Blade was sharpened and tested sanded up to 600g and also etched in vinegar then sanded with 600 again. Setup looks like this

I left some cloudiness around the transition between the hard and soft steel. Handle is wild cherry treated with birch tar.
It's epoxied together now and will be left alone until tomorrow. What do you think so far?
 
The finished knife,

Im very pleased with how this turned out. This knife represents a great learning experience for me using many techniques I've never used before. I will certainly be making more San Mai and Damascus in the future. I loved making this knife, and the finished product feels amazing in hand!
Well, on to the next one...
 
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