AEB-L Cutting tests and first impressions

I guess that is why I'm confused. The new CPM 154 looks to be the better choice over AEB l. Disregarding price since I don't know anything about the cost. From all of the hype Cliff has been giving AEB L I thought it would preform better than it did in your test. Even though Cliff has now stated that AEB L is only really for a highly polished edge.
For what properties? Slicing edge retention? There is hardly ever a case where better is cut and dried. AEB-L should have improved toughness and push cutting ability, which is very important for kitchen knives. Many fans of Japanese cutlery like white steel that is ran to 63-64 Rc for the fine carbide size and strength. AEB-L can be taken to 62 Rc if desired, and can take an edge that is just as keen and long lasting.
 
Some may consider my opinion biased since I learned to make knives from Devin, I worked for him part time 3 years and full time two years. I’ve been using AEB-L as blade steel for close to 10 years. Devin considers this excellent blade steel, as does Dr. Verhoeven. Even so the following statements some would consider anecdotal and nothing more.

I have made a fair amount of working knives with AEB-L. I have not done any real structured cutting tests with the steel. What I have done is provided local hunters with knives for use in the field and carried my large Sabertooth proto-type, which is made from AEB-L. They all are pleased with the performance, edge retention, ease of sharpening and stain resistance as am I. Most of the blades are between 2.5” and 3.5” in length and vary from folding knives to drop point hunters. At least one was over 6” in blade length in a Green River skinner pattern. This blade has been in use about 4 years skinning goats regularly. One of my small Sabertooth folders caped and gutted two entire Elk without even an edge touch-up. Several of them are in the hands of men running trap lines for fox, bobcat and other small game. According to them they don’t have to do much edge touch-up during the season. Some of my users return their knife to me just before hunting season wanting it sharpened. Rarely do I need to do anything other than run the edges on the sharpmaker a few strokes.

I use the following heat treat on AEB-L:

Foil Wrap blade
Place blade in a pre-heated oven at 1950f
Let oven temp cycle back to 1950f hold blade at temp for 10 min
Quench in oil until blade is close to oil temp
Blade is then quenched in cool water
Blade is removed from foil and then quenched in liquid nitrogen for 1 hr
Blade is then tempered twice at 350 for 1 hour each time

This yields 60rc according to my Ames hardness testers. Both are accurate when testing with my known standard test block.

One thing to note about my blades is they are ground in a hard state. The AEB-L I use is about .120 for fixed blades and .105 for folders. I always remove on a surface grinder about .002 from each side of the blade. This removes any carburization that has happened. I am careful to not incur any color change in the blade when grinding. I grind hard to minimize warpage that may occur in a thin blade during quench. I normally flat grind. I start with a 60 grit ceramic belt, grind to about 95% then move to a 220 ceramic belt and finish with a 400 grit silicon carbide belt. The edge is ground to between .010 - .015 and then sharpened. I rough the edge in on my belt grinder with a 400 grit belt and then go to a sharpmaker with brown stones and then ceramic stones until edge easily shaves hair.

AEB-L is much easier to finish then the S30V and S60V I have used. I do a hand finish on most blades in under an hour with AEB-L. S30V and S60V take considerably longer and do not take nearly as nice a hand finish as AEB-L. I don’t even want to consider a mirror finish on S30V or S60V. AEB-L takes a nice mirror polish.

AEB-L is my steel of choice when my customers leave the choice up to me.

This is just my experience. Take from it what you will.
 
Even though Cliff has now stated that AEB L is only really for a highly polished edge.

This, as frequent behavior by you, is a out right lie as it implies I had a different position earlier. What I have stated, which is supported by peer reviewed research, is that AEB-L has a very high edge stability, so much so it is considered to be a benchmark for stainless in that regard. This isn't hype, unless you want to claim Landes PhD thesis and Verhoeven's works were a misrepresentation of data or that I have misquoted them. Landes is well aware of my references to his work as are Verhoeven as I discuss steels with them fairly frequently.

What I have clearified in detail, including a graphical representation, is that edge stability provides a retention of maximal sharpness at minimal geometry. As Verhoeven has noted, with coarse finishes the edge thickness increases and thus edge stability requirements are lowered. I have noted specifically that AEB-L has a much lower wear resistance than the high carbide steels and they give much better edge retention at low sharpness because once the edge wears/fractures to the point the large carbides are stable then essentially the edge starts wearing like carbide.

What Phil has done in the above is of value because he has added his quantification of how AEB-L compares at its weakest point which is extended slicing aggression down to a low sharpness. I have never seen anyone actually contend it would be superior to high carbide steels in that aspect. I have noted directly it would be inferior. When I first talked to Devin about AEB-L some time ago he was quite clear it got very sharp easily, stays very sharp well, has high corrosion resistance and he postulated toughness, but there were better steels if you wanted extended edge retention such as Phil is testing.

Is 20 pounds of downward force a lot?

Yes, considering the initial force and adjusting for the amount that was due to wedging, the sharpness at the end about 5-10% of optimal. This as noted clearly in the graphs I showed in the edge modeling is dominated by high wear steels, not steels with high edge stability. It is why for example Buck's 440C eventually catches up with their 420HC which is an exact comparison of a high edge stability vs high wear steel in two extremes or what Landes calls Type I and Type III steels. I also noted in the work I did to model that data how a high wear steel like BG-42 had little advantage to a high edge stability steel like 420HC at high sharpeness but did at a low sharpness. High edge stability steels are also in general much cheaper and easy to heat treat and sharpen and are far tougher.

He talks about slicing with downward pressure. So I’d think it’s a combo of slice and push cut.

Obviously there is an element of a push cut with any slice because if you didn't press down there is no vertical movement unless the knife is so heavy its weight is enough. Phil noted he does a slice along the entire blade and thus it is very much a slice favored cut with a very low push element. You can contrast the effect by a straight push cut and the force will be much higher as I have noted many times and I usually compare a much shorter slice which makes them actually closer. Phil is testing a much closer version of a pure slice because the force is spread out over a longer edge, this length fraction could be used to calculate the amount of "slice" of a cut.

AEB-L is my steel of choice when my customers leave the choice up to me.

Arthur, thanks for the extensive information. Have you had any 154CM or S30V blades field tested by the same individuals. I would be interested in how AEB-L compares to them for such work. Specifically, if you notice a difference in regards to edge toughness, corrosion resistance and of course frequency of sharpening.

-Cliff
 
"
Cliff posted....

This, as frequent behavior by you, is a out right lie
Another personal atack by you. I thought you were better than that. I don't lie. Please point to a lie of mine. I'll leave that to you and your mis informing opinions, mis quotes, and argumentive style of posting.
 
I don't lie. Please point to a lie of mine.

A lie is simply an act which intends to misinformation, you have done so in this thread in many occasions whith implications of hype on my part as I have pointed out in detail. As I have noted specifically in the above what I have said about AEB-L is that it has a high edge stability. I have detailed exactly what this means with reference to both the microstructure of the steel and how this translates to performance in use. In fact not only have I never promoted the performance of AEB-L for extended slicing over the high carbide steels I have specifically noted that this is not where it does well. For example :

[vs 154CM]

On pure theory, I'm thinking AEB-L should win in toughness, meet or exceed in corrosion resistance, get 75-110% of the slicing and push cutting edge retention of 154CM, with AEB-L beign much easier to finish, grind, and sharpen. AEB-L already wins in cost, and it can be blanked, a bonus for large manufacturers ...

My responce was :

I would expect it to dominate push cutting severely at low angles. However it depends on how long you are going to let the edges dull. Eventually the high carbides edges will fracture so much they will be stable as the edge will have thickened. At this point then they will start to out last the finer steels with a lower carbide because there is no longer any issue with carbide stability.

Now based on that exchange if you wanted to label anyone as hyping the steel it would be Larrin. I in fact noted that the performance of the high carbides steels would dominate at low sharpness. I have also shown this specifically with example of such steels numerically in detail as I noted in the above. To clearify, I don't think Larrin was hyping AEB-L, he is just going by what he seen with Devin's knives and what he has taken from Verhoeven and other sources.

There is no way you could ever take from my posts that you would expect that on a test such as Wilson has done that AEB-L would be an alternative to 154CM, P/M or ingot. Not only have I never promoted this I have noted the exact opposite :

If you really wanted to trim down steels you could reduce the list to; S7, M2, H1, AEB-L, ZDP-189. These are very clearly task defined steels and it is difficult to seriously outperform them where they excell.

Note the inclusion of ZDP-189 which is a high wear stainless, I noted later why this is necessary :

AEB-L basically is a stainless version of the W series tool steel and offers similar characteristics; a very high edge stability and thus extreme initial sharpness and strong high sharpness edge retention. It has slightly lower hardness and much higher corrosion resistance. Thus it would make a much better kitchen knife than a W series steel in most cases because corrosion tends to take the fine edge of W series steels very quickly. I can put a fine shaving edge on such a knife for example and after preparing just one meal the fine shaving edge is gone due to corrosion from acidic foods.

AEB-L however has a relatively low wear resistance (compared to high wear steels) and thus if you sharpen infrequently or use your knives rougher (statically, not dynamically) and thus prefer thicker profiles you can gain better edge retention with ZDP-189 which has a very high wear resistance for a stainless steel.

As I have shown in detail on many occasions, for extended slicing at a coarse finish the high carbide steels will dominate and I have also said exactly why this happens from a materials perspective and cited published sources. You could never misunderstand or take from what I have said the implications you have made in this thread. It is obvious that you are intentionally lying to troll.

-Cliff
 
Once again you personally atack me I really thought you were better than that, I guess your not. You've said I frequently lie and you fail to show me even 1 lie. And then you again call me a lier. I don't lie and haven't in this post or any other. Your the one who posts to argue any and all points for the sake of your own ego, not me. Go ahead and misquote and twist the truth to suit your own point and argue. Frankly your argueing has become boring and you are the one with the trolling behavior not me. I post to help others, learn somthing, and have fun. You post to argue and to boost your own ego, its sad really.
 
Arthur, thanks for the extensive information. Have you had any 154CM or S30V blades field tested by the same individuals. I would be interested in how AEB-L compares to them for such work. Specifically, if you notice a difference in regards to edge toughness, corrosion resistance and of course frequency of sharpening.

-Cliff

Unfortunately I don't have any direct comparison results to offer. The 154cm and S30V knives are not used locally or are not used for hunting chores.
 
Arthur,
Great post and a lot of good information. I especially appreciate the feed back on heat treating AEB-L. I am just starting to use it and trying to optimize the heat treat for my equipment. If I can get the hardness up to 61 and still retain the great toughness and fine grain then I think the performance will go up some and it will look better on paper compared to the other steels. I did try the combination forced air quench and final water cooling that was recommended by Dr. Verhoeven. Unfortunately I must have got it in the water too quick since the blade fractured right across the handle where the pin holes were lined up. I think the best method for me is going to be the forced air only. With Turco I can get it out of the furnace and cooled to black in less than 10 seconds. It is hand held cool in about 2 minutes and ready for the LN2. With this method and a 1960 F. 15 min. soak temp in my furnace I get 62.5. Hardness gain between the forced air quench and Cryo cycle is hard to detect but looks like less than one pt. According to the Dr. this means retained austenite is very low. I will do a 350-375 temper and see if I can get the 61 I am shooting for. Perhaps I should have optimized the heat treat before I did the cutting tests and told the world. I am also learning about posting on the forums and the controversy that can come from just putting up some information.
I can easily see how the field performance you reported on AEB-L could correlate with the rope cutting test I did. 100 or so cuts are a lot on abrasive rope. If you say that 100 slices on rope is equal to 200 slices of normal work in the field then that equals a lot of animals field dressed or skinned. Then with a couple of strokes on a hone you are back with the same sharpness and ready for other 200 or so slices. It all makes logical sense to me.
I am sending some Turco to Devin and maybe you can try some out. It sure beats the foil.

I also do a lot of the grinding in the hardened state. Like you I have found this is necessary on a very thin blade to get them nice and straight. It also removes any de-carb if it is there. AEB-L grinds very easy in the hardened state and would double belt over say S30V. If cost is a consideration this is where it shows up. I use a lot of $6 belts on 30V, 90V blades. I very much like this steel and appreciate the opportunity to try it out and work with it. And that is no lie…..PHIL
 
Phil all info is good and maybe we all learned something by this thread. I'm sorry if it seems I jumped to conclutions from this one test. I really wasn't trying to, I just wanted to understand better. I'm looking forward to seeing more of your results. I'm still a little puzzled on why edge stability only improves a extremly high sub micron polished edge and not a medium fine one? Probably a question for another thread though. thanks.
 
AFAIK, edge stability is a measure of a steel's ability to maintain integrity at lower angles. It's better to polish a low angle edge, since the thin cross section improves cutting ability. A thinner edge will push cut more easily, and polish aids push cutting as well. If the steel can handle the thinner edge, then you can rough finish it to slice, but you can also polish it to push cut, with good gains in both.

A rougher finish improves slicing on any thickness, such as how a saw is not ground thinner at the teeth, the aggressive profile does the cutting. With lower edge stability, thinner edges will break and roughen, so polishing does not help with extended cutting. A thin, degraded edge will slice like a thicker, rough finished edge, but you lose the push cutting advantage of thinner cross section and polish.

But this is just my thinking on it.
 
I am sending some Turco to Devin and maybe you can try some out. It sure beats the foil.


Phil,

I have some Turco but have never tried it on stainless. I discontinued use on steel in general because I had some pitting issues. Maybe I should revisit it as I have had some issues with the foil. Have you had any pitting problems with the Turco on stainless?

Art
 
db, I understand and yes we all learned. I do think we beat this one to death. I appreciate the input from everyone.

Arthur, I have had good luck with Turco on Stainless as long as the Vanaduim content is low. It works fine on AEB-L, CPM154, 154 CM, but no good on S30V, 90V. There is a learning curve on it and I wrote up my method, I will e mail it to you. Phil
 
in what thickness can you find AEB-L material? ive only found 3.7mm or so.
With enough money you can get it in any size I would guess. We get it straight from Uddeholm. I think we have it in .085", .130", and .135". I think for thicker sizes we usually get 12C27.
 
Perhaps I should have optimized the heat treat before I did the cutting tests and told the world.

I don't think so, if you could provide performance information on multiple heat treatments then so much the better. This is one of the areas where current information is lacking because there isn't a lot of detail on what can be expected in this regard. In many cases the differences between similar steels is smaller than the differences between heat treatments of those steels which not a lot of people are aware of in detail.

AEB-L and such steels are highly praised by Landes who tends to focus highly on edge stability. This is very important to him and to others but it may not be the most important aspect of performance for everyone. It is thus useful to know how AEB-l does in extended slicing comparisons just like Landes showed how how poorly steels like 154CM do in tests of edge stability due to inability to hold a very acute edge at high sharpness.

AFAIK, edge stability is a measure of a steel's ability to maintain integrity at lower angles. It's better to polish a low angle edge, since the thin cross section improves cutting ability. A thinner edge will push cut more easily, and polish aids push cutting as well. If the steel can handle the thinner edge, then you can rough finish it to slice, but you can also polish it to push cut, with good gains in both.

A rougher finish improves slicing on any thickness, such as how a saw is not ground thinner at the teeth, the aggressive profile does the cutting. With lower edge stability, thinner edges will break and roughen, so polishing does not help with extended cutting. A thin, degraded edge will slice like a thicker, rough finished edge, but you lose the push cutting advantage of thinner cross section and polish.

That is one of the better paraphrases I have seen on the defination and implications of edge stability. The last sentance is a very nice synthesis of several concepts which are rarely well understood. It is too bad you were not around ten years ago when a lot of this was being discussed on rec.knives, the evolution would have been more swift.

Johnston calls the same thing "edge integrity". Landes limits for the type I steels (high stability) is 8-12 degrees. Johnston actually has that as the upper limit for his "blunt" knives, which shows you how extreme his viewpoint is in that regard. He actually goes down to half of that for the cutting knives. They both favor the same types of steels, very hard, fine carbide and use high polishes at very low angles.

Aurther, thanks for the additional details. On a side note, do you ever do the v-rod sharpening in front of the hunters. I am very curious as to why they would watch how simply it can be done but not chose to learn to do it themselves, especially with a steel like AEB-L which is very user friendly in that regard.

-Cliff
 
Phil,
Great information.....as always, thanks for the time and effort. It would be interesting to see what comments Landes might have after testing CPM154 or RWL34. Perhaps they would not perform so "poorly" in tests of edge stability ?

Scott
 
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