There is an inherent problem with trying to make handle scales which can quickly be detached, which is that they may do so during use. Personally, I would never try something like this because of that particular problem.
However, how I would suggest doing this would be to use hidden tang fasteners (the chicago screw style ones). Then, to cover the fasteners, I would fabricate a piece of pin stock to cover it with a tooth coming off the bottom and mill a notch into the side of the hole in the scale and a notch on the bottom of the scale partway around the hole to fit the width of the tooth. In this way you could screw the scales on, push the cover down the notch and twist it to lock. Then a plug made from the same material as the handle scales could be hammered into the notch in the side of the hole to make it look like a permanent handle treatment.
There are still two problems with this however. 1 is that you will still in some part be able to see that there is a notch in the side of the hole, especially since there needs to be either a bit of the plug sticking up or a little bit of the notch uncovered to pry out the plug when changing scales. The second, which is more of an issue to me is that what really holds handle scales to a knife is not the fasteners used but rather the glue, which just isn't easily removable.
In any case, I wish you best of luck in your endeavor and maybe you'll find a good and creative solution that will solve all of my problems with the idea.