I just finished writing a long reply and it magically disappeared--must have hit something. I'll keep this short! We are a DIY site for knife-makers (
www.bellablades.com). I have been testing a different process for prevention of decarb and scale that provides incredible results! In the past we first used powder, then we tried clay. Both worked, but there was still minor decarb and scale, requiring more surface finishing, especially for hardness testing. We do a lot of testing, and publish papers on our results for the DIY community. My latest paper addresses this different approach for dealing with decarb and scale and provides results of the tests. It is cheap (less than $5 at Home Depot) and I know it gives great results on O1 tool steel (1460° F) and in our home-made electric furnace. I still have more tests to run, but take a look. So far, so good. It would be nice to find out what other steels and processes it works well with. I hope this helps.