Best method to dry burl wood

Robert Erickson

Knifemaker / Craftsman / Service Provider
Joined
Feb 2, 2014
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I recently obtained some blocks of burl wood. (Cordia burl, Camphor burl and some brown mallee burl) The blocks range in size from 1 1/2 x 1 1/2 x 7 inches to 3 x 3 x 15. The moisture content ranges from 12 to 17%. My question is should I just leave them in my cool dry basement as is or cut them into smaller blocks or go all the way to 3/8" scales?
 
Those are already small blocks. Set them on a shelf and let them dry for six months or so. Camphor burl has to get pretty dry to stabilize...and stabilizes poorly sometimes.
 
If you don't already have one, it might be wise to invest in a thermometer/hygrometer and Google up a "wood equilibrium moisture content table". Depending on just how "cool and dry" your basement really is, the moisture content might not get much lower than 12% no matter how long the blocks are left down there
 
If you don't already have one, it might be wise to invest in a thermometer/hygrometer and Google up a "wood equilibrium moisture content table". Depending on just how "cool and dry" your basement really is, the moisture content might not get much lower than 12% no matter how long the blocks are left down there

Great point. I don't have a thermometer/hygrometer but I just ordered one off Amazon. I googled the EMCT and will check out what my basement is capable of. I know that wood needs to be 9% or less to be stabilized by K&G. If my basement only gets it to 12% what is an economical way to further dry it. Is a kiln the only way?
 
Mahoney.....
You are making a common mistake. The moisture content of wood and the relative humidity in air are both measured in percentage...but they are different things being measured.

The moisture content in the wood is a % by weight. 100% moisture content would be impossible, as it would be all water.

The relative moisture content in air is the % that is capable of being dissolved in air at a given temperature. 100% is when the air has all the water it can keep as vapor. Any more and it condenses and falls out as precipitation.


Wood can dry at high humidity, it just dries slower. The final dryness of wood will somewhat depend on the ambient humidity, and that is good, as it can shrink or swell if taken to a different environment ( not a lot, but sometimes a detectable amount on a finished handle).

The best way to dry wood blocks and handle pieces is a drying cabinet. Make a vertical box of some sort that closes fairly tight ( no need to be air tight). It can be a cabinet or a foot locker on end. Put wire shelving in it. Put a 75 watt light bulb in the bottom and about six 1/2" holes in the top. Put in the wood and turn on the lamp. It will create enough warmth and enough convection to dry the wood evenly and surprisingly fast. Many folks convert a storage locker this way and keep their stag and handle wood in it. They have a 40 watt bulb for when it is in the "maintain" mode, and a 75 watt bulb for when they are drying the wood.
 
Mahoney.....
You are making a common mistake. The moisture content of wood and the relative humidity in air are both measured in percentage...but they are different things being measured.

The moisture content in the wood is a % by weight. 100% moisture content would be impossible, as it would be all water.

The relative moisture content in air is the % that is capable of being dissolved in air at a given temperature. 100% is when the air has all the water it can keep as vapor. Any more and it condenses and falls out as precipitation.


Wood can dry at high humidity, it just dries slower. The final dryness of wood will somewhat depend on the ambient humidity, and that is good, as it can shrink or swell if taken to a different environment ( not a lot, but sometimes a detectable amount on a finished handle).

The best way to dry wood blocks and handle pieces is a drying cabinet. Make a vertical box of some sort that closes fairly tight ( no need to be air tight). It can be a cabinet or a foot locker on end. Put wire shelving in it. Put a 75 watt light bulb in the bottom and about six 1/2" holes in the top. Put in the wood and turn on the lamp. It will create enough warmth and enough convection to dry the wood evenly and surprisingly fast. Many folks convert a storage locker this way and keep their stag and handle wood in it. They have a 40 watt bulb for when it is in the "maintain" mode, and a 75 watt bulb for when they are drying the wood.
 
Among other things I work wood for a living, I know a little bit about wood movement and moisture content. If unstabilized wood is left in a given environment long enough, it will reach an equilibrium moisture content depending on the relative humidity and temperature of that environment. For example, at 50 degrees and 50% Rh, wood will eventually have a moisture content of 9.5%. In those conditions it won't get any drier, and if it was drier than that when you put it into those conditions, it will absorb moisture until it's at 9.5%

Green wood can dry at high humidity, but it won't get to the 8-10% we'd like to see before using it. At 90 degrees and 98% RH, wood will achieve an EMC of 26%, only about 1% drier than it will get at 50 degrees and 98% RH. But that's still fairly "dry" considering some species of lumber start out as high as 300% water by weight. Fiber saturation for most species is around 36-38% moisture, below that moisture content the wood shrinks. How much shrinkage depends on the species and grain orientation of the particular piece, and how much below the fiber saturation point the moisture content of the wood is. Given the small dimensions of a knife handle seasonal wood movement is not likely to amount to much more than a few hundredths of an inch, unless you leave the knife where it's at the full mercy of the weather. But for a table top in a house heated in the winter and not air conditioned in the summer, somewhere humid, a 2" change in width is quite possible.

Even if there's no evidence of water, many basements have a fairly high RH, hence my original comment. A drying cabinet as Stacy suggests will help if the RH of the basement is high. The heat will lower the RH of the air in the cabinet a bit as well as raising the temperature, put the thermometer/hygrometer in the cabinet and you can get an idea of the MC the wood will eventually reach.
 
cool dry basement
- I knew basements were "cool", but never though of one as "dry" - as in low RH. When you get your hygrometer it will be interesting to see what the RH is in basement.

I really like the idea of the wood cabinet as described. Do you plan to stabilize the wood yourself using something like Cactus Juice? OR send to K&G - they do really good work.

Ken H>
 
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First thanks to Stacy and Mahoney for your replies.
Ken, I may have erroneously assumed that my basement is dry. I guess it comes from the fact that I go there in the summer and it "feels" less humid. But that could be just the fact that it's cooler. My plan is to get the thermometer/hygrometer and test the main area in the basement and the furnace room. Now that the furnace is kicking in it'll be warmer than the rest of the basement. Maybe that room would suffice? If not I'll convert a locker as Stacy suggests.
I should get the hygrometer some time next week and I'll post the results.
I have been sending my blocks to K&G
 
Thanks Mr Troy - it would be interesting to see what RH the basement really is. Realizing that winter with heat might be a LOTS dryer than summer with no heat.

Which thermometer/hydrometer did you order? I just got a new cheap one from Amazon myself.... $10 or so? Here in this room it gives a high of 42% today and a low of 38% with current of 40% for the last 24 hr.

Ken H>
 
Yes I bought an inexpensive one from Amazon as well. it's a Thermor Bios.
 
Ok so here are the follow up readings from my basement. Note: I live in southeast Michigan so obviously this doesn't apply to most of you out there. The main room in the basement is 65 degrees with 56% humidity. The furnace room is 73 degrees and 46% humidity. What temps and humidity levels do guys get with the converted storage locker? I guess I'm going to try the wood in the furnace room and see how quickly it dries. I looked up the wood equilibrium moisture content table and it looks like the EMC with 73 degrees and 46% humidity is 8.6 which would be good enough to stabilize. Here is the link to the website I used: http://www.csgnetwork.com/emctablecalc.html
 
You might split the 3x3 piece. Other than that, I would just put them on a shelf and forget about them until next year.
The camphor does not improve much with stabilizing.
Most wood with fragrant oils will not have a big weight gain and tends to weep for a while after being stabilized.
Keep an eye on the Cordia and Mallee. As checks and cracks start, run some thin CA glue into them.
That can help prevent them from getting too big.
 
You might split the 3x3 piece. Other than that, I would just put them on a shelf and forget about them until next year.
The camphor does not improve much with stabilizing.
Most wood with fragrant oils will not have a big weight gain and tends to weep for a while after being stabilized.
Keep an eye on the Cordia and Mallee. As checks and cracks start, run some thin CA glue into them.
That can help prevent them from getting too big.

Thanks Mark! Stacy said the same thing about the camphor. It looks cool, hopefully it'll dry well enough to make some handles.
 
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